CNN Student News October 13 2016

Thank you for taking ten minutes out of your Thursday to watch CNN Student News. I'm Carl Azuz at CNN center.
Our first story center on state of emergency in the east African nation of Ethiopia. This is one of the poorest country on the planet.
More than 29% of Ethipia's people are estimated to live below the poverty line.
The nations economy has grown rapidly in recent years. But that's coincided with a rise in in ethinic tension, Why?
 well the country has diverse combination of ethnic groups. The largest, the Oromo ethnic group makes up about a third of Ethiopia's population.
Another, the Amhara's make up 27%, the but smaller Tigre ethnic group reported dominates the goverment.
And that;s one reason why some other groups are protesting. The goverment declared a state of emergency recently in response to the loss of lives and property in the protest.
but sign of instability remain.

The Ethiopian goverment in Addis Ababa intruduced a state of emergency in the country because of growing concers about security following several protests.
This is the first time the state of emergency has been declared in Ethiopia in the last 25 years.
The death of at least 52 people in a religious festival has led to increased ethnic tensions within the country.

The activist claim that at least 500 people were killed, but the goverment denies this. This comes after one of Ethiopia's largest ethnic group has been fiercely protesting against the goverment.
The Oromos make up over one third of the country's 100 million population. And yet, None of Ethiopia's past or current leadership has come from the Oromo region.
Protests started in April 2014, when the goverment anounced plans to expand the capital Addis Ababa into Oromo territory.
Although the govenment abandoned these plans, the protest has snowballed. At the 2016 Olypices, the Ethipian runner Feyisa Lilesa crossed the finising line with this hands raised
and his wrists touching as if they were handcuffed. This has become a powerful protest about the treatment of the Oromo people by the goverment.
The goverment of Ethiopia, in trying to stop the Oromos from protesting too much, are forgetting that the Amharas and the Tigres also want a slice of power.
It's very difficult for a goverment that's been used for the last 25 years to know opposition within parliment,
to acctually face up to the fact that this may actually be splintering into a serious ethnic fight within Ethiopia.

In Northern Irag a battle is looming. Iragi troops with the support of US force are planing an attempt to retake the city of Mosual from the ISIS terrorist group.
Mosul is the second largest city in Iraq, ISIS took control of it in 2014.
Officials believe the terrorists are planting mines and explosives around the city to complicate the fight. The lasting damage that ISIS has left in towns near Mosul could be a sign of what's to come.
A lake of fire, thick black clouds obscuring the sun in the town of Al Qayyara, south of Mosul.
ISIS set this oil well on fire months ago. The purpose was to obscure the view of aircraft overhead.
But ISIS is now gone, and this fire continues to burn right on the edge of a town in which many people are now living.
And in its shadow lives Khalil, who takes us to his somewhere in the midday darkness.
The smoke has stained 2 year old Arbeda and his sister. Khalil and his wife cover the children with a sheet a night, scant protection from the toxic fumes.
That well is really hurting us, Khalil says, the wind has changed direction and now it's all blowing on us.
He said they have no where else to go. We could barely stay with him for 10 minutes.
Engineer Hussein Salim and his team are trying to put out the dozens of fires but it's a time comsuming process.
It took 30 days to put out one fire, he says. In the main street some shops have reopened, also here the smoke hangs heavily on residents.
its another ISIS, says Shaalan, it's cancer.
Daesh, as they call ISIS here, left behind a poisonous legacy of death, destruction and disease.
The world health organization, part of the United nations, is asking goverments world wide to put a new tax on sodas.
It wants soft drink prices increase by at least 20%. Public health experts say sugar, like what's found in many soft drinks, is mostly to blame for rising global obesity rates.
The WHO says 39% of the plainfiff's adults were overweight in 2014 and that a new tax on sugar drinks would prevent obesity and diabeted and cut healthcare costs.
But would higher prices mean lower calorie choices when people want something to drink? That seems to be true in some places like the city of Berkeley, California.
A voter approved tax there reported led to a 21% drop in the comsumption of sugary beveages. The results havent been the same everywhere.
The nation of Mexico put a 10% tax on sugary drinks in 2013, and the wall street journal reports that those sales decreased at first,
they started rising again recently. The US beverage industry says that the Mexican tax put  burden on those who could least afford it and that is caused thousands of jobs to be lost in Mexico's soft drink industry.

Up next, science and agriculture. Some researchers are looking beyond pesticides, beyond genetically modified seeds.
instead, they are literally coating seeds with bacteria in the pursuit of growing more crops and better crops.
The process is still being tested, it's not definitively proven to work. There are still question about safety for consumers,
but one of the companies testing microbiomes believes they're the future of agriculture.
How are we gonna feed what is estimated to be 10 billion people by 2050? to get there, we need to increase our current productivity by 70%.
The ability to achive that with our current rates of genetic gain and in yield improvement are not achievable.
And so we need to look for new ways, we also need to do it in a wat that's sustainable.
For decades innovations in agriculture have allowed our food supply to keep pace with population growth.
But at what cost?
The technologies that have given to the productivity improvement we've seen in agriculture are generally things like agricultureal chemicals, chemicals fertilizers,
 things what arguable arent good for us and arent good for the planet.
What if there was a better way? A startup called Indigo is attempting to create a more productive and more natural way to grow crops without the agricultural chemicals,
a method that could revolutionize the industry.
We attempt to solve that problem by harnessing the plant's natural microbime. The microbes that evolved over ...

What is a microbiom exactly?
Well, in human, a microbiome is a community of microorganisms that includes the bacteria naturally occuring in and on our bodies.
The bad bacteria, but also the good bacteria that help the important function like difestion and reproduction.
The basics of what we do at Indigo is a realization that the same concept is true in plants.

 Those same beneficial microbes live in and on plants.
And until recently, werent fully understood. But rapidly developing technologies like gene sequencing have allowed scientist to realize of the full potential of the plant microbiome.
According to Indigo, the microbimo could be the key to growing natural supercrops.
We've acctually tested in all different climate conditions. And we consistently see a 10%+ yield benefit.
A 10% increase would be a whole decade leap forward in terms of productivity.
The innovations that we've had that've gotten us to now have been really important. Without those innovations, we wouldnt have been able to feed the last billion people.
We can now do better and I think the future of agricuture will look back and think about the times when we put insecticides on hundreds of millions of acres,
and think thank goodness we dont have to do that anymore.

Officials in little Rock, Arkansas called their city's Broadwat Bride structurally deficient. This is how it got revenge.
Cuts to the bridge, explosive charges, and 93 years of age could not bring it down.
Officials are working to replace the structure, but they needed to remove it first.
It took six more attempts. Pulling the bridge with cables from two tow boats before the steel finally came crashing down.
Makes you wonder why they dont make all bridges this tough. After all it's strength spanned decades.
ALl that time it could be trusted. Even though gravity was its arch enemy, it took blasts and boats to cause the causeway to give way,
and all that acctually happend over several hours. You just saw the abridged version. Im Carl Azuz, we're back tomorrow.

CNN Student News October 11 2016

Hi. I`m Carl Azuz for CNN STUDENT NEWS.

Jumping right in, a U.S. warship was recently targeted by two missiles near the Middle Eastern country of Yemen. A military spokesman said the USS Mason was in international waters in the southern part of the Red Sea when the attack happened. The ship deployed onboard defensive measures. The missiles missed their apparent target, hit the water, caused no damage.

But where they did come from? The U.S. says they were launched from a part of Yemen controlled by Houthi rebels. Who are the Houthis? They`re a group that drove out the Yemeni president and government last year. The Houthis have taken control of much of war-torn Yemen, but they deny that
they targeted the U.S. warship.

This goes deeper though. The Houthis are Shia Muslim group and they`re supported by Iran, a mostly Shia Muslim country. But they`re opposed by Saudi Arabia, a mostly Sunni Muslim country that`s leading other nations in attacks against the Houthis.Tensions between Shia and Sunni Muslims date back centuries.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

SUBTITLE: Sunni vs. Shia Islam.

NIC ROBERTSON, CNN INTERNATIONAL DIPLOMATIC EDITOR: When Islam`s founder, the Prophet Muhammad died in the seventh century, his followers were split over who should take over, Abu Bakr was one follower. They wanted to choose. Others wanted his cousin and son in law, Ali.

Ali became the leader for all Muslims for five years before he was killed. His son Husayn was killed in battle by what were to become the Sunnis. Since then, the followers of Ali have been known as Shia.

Across the world, the vast majority of Muslims are Sunnis. What makes the Middle East so complicated are the maps that were drawn and the national boundaries that were put down about a century ago when British and the empires were pulling back from the region and the struggle for power today has its roots in how the region was divided, how those maps were drawn.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: The situation in Yemen where there are rebels fighting government forces, a humanitarian crisis with people displaced, outside countries involved, terrorists gaining a foothold. It all sounds a lot like what`s happening in the Middle Eastern country of Syria. Though that nation`s government has more control there, what will happen in Syria in the days ahead is also uncertain.

Among the estimated 11 million Syrian who`ve had to leave their homes since the civil war begun, CNN`s Fred Pleitgen caught up with one young man whose memories of where he used to live are treasured in volumes.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

FREDERIK PLEITGEN, CNN SENIOR INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): For almost four years, this was the reality in Daraya. A suburb of Damascus controlled by the rebels but besieged by Syrian government forces. Amid the shelling, the shortages of food, water and medicine, a peace of quiet, of reading, of solace -- a secret underground library.

The chief librarian, a 14-year-old boy named Amjad.

"I like the place and I like learning things. I like to read," Amjad told us.

In august, the rebels made a deal with the Syrian government for free passage out of Daraya and returned for government control of the district.

We were one of the first crews to make it in after the evacuation. Amid the flat and then damaged buildings, all of a sudden, we notice soldiers taking books from a basement. The former secret library of Daraya, books strewn across the floor, many volumes already gone, but the order of the library is still clearly visible.

(on camera): Almost during the entire time of the siege, the underground library here was a sanctuary, especially for the children of Daraya, many of whom would come here braving the dangers to read in peace.

All civilians have now left Daraya, but we found the former librarian Amjad in a displaced camp outside Damascus. His lit up when we told him we found the library.

"I would work for hours in the library," he said. "I would go in at 1:00 and come back at 5:00. I was responsible for everything."

For years, the library was the only escape he and others had from the shelling that killed and wounded so many. Amjad is clear on just how special it was.

"I cried the last time it was there he said. I used to love it so much."

Daraya is now destroyed and abandoned. The underground library is gone, but it will always hold a special place for Amjad and others, a quiet space and the hell they face for almost four years.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: OK. You know what you`re supposed to do when you`re driving and the light turns yellow, when a sign says yield, when you see an emergency responsible vehicle behind you. But what when there`s an obstacle on the inner state or if your car goes into a skid?

To help teach people how to deal with that, a former race car driver named Jeff Payne founded a nonprofit defensive driving program called Driver`s Edge. He`s today`s "Character Study".

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

SUBTITLE: Car accidents are the leading cause of death among teenagers in America.

JEFF PAYNE, CNN HERO: All these kids are dying on our roadways. Families are affected every single day. None of us are really ever taught how to drive. We`re just taught to pass a test.

Most drivers were never educated on what to do in that emergency situation. I was simply frustrated with the number of kids that are being killed and the number of little white cross that you see along the highway.

We hope you all at least come in here with the attitude that you don`t know what you don`t know, and you never stop learning.

So, I started a free program that would get young drivers behind the wheel and better prepare them for all the hazards that you face out there.

We actually put young drivers skid control exercises, panic braking exercises, the basic lane change movers. Experiences aren`t traditionally car driver`s education, but that could actually save your life one day out there on the roads.

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Every one of you guys took that class how to teach my teenager how to drive, right? It doesn`t exist. And we mix that in with some classroom conversations that make a big difference.

PAYNE: The driver just took her eyes off the road for split second, and that small mistake turned to deadly tragedy.

It is a wake up call.

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Seatbelts on.

PAYNE: It`s heartwarming seeing how does these kids develop throughout the course.

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Not that fast, off the gas, straighten it back out, straighten it back out. Don`t give up, don`t give up. There it is, I like that much better.

PAYNE: If they`re doing it perfectly, you don`t see the car rock whatsoever, it`s just very nice and very smooth.

The cocky driver that thinks they know everything realizes that wow, this is a lot more series than I thought. I need to pay more attention out there.

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: When I`m in a car, I usually am distracted by like my cellphone or like people who are in the car with me. I feel like I become a safer driver and more responsible.

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Very good, very good. You`ve done it both times.

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: More defensive.

That was so much fun.

I learned that we`ll get through it if you trust the car and stay focused on what you need to do.

PAYNE: It`s about preparing them to the real world, so they don`t end up as statistics. I know we`re saving lives.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: Fifteen hundred dollars might seem a little stiff for a single piece of language, especially if it`s just a carry-on. It only has the capacity of an overnight bag and at 19 pounds, it`s not lightweight.

One the other hand, it`s not every day you see some rolling on a rollaboard, literally riding it across the airport.

CNN`s Jeanne Moos takes one for a spin.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

JEANNE MOOS, CNN NATIONAL CORRESPONDENT: It`s not every day you learn to drive a suitcase. Maybe you`ve seen the Modobag. The motorized suitcase you can ride recently went viral.

So, when Modobag`s Creator, Kevin O`Donnell, offered to let us test-drive it --

KEVIN O`DONNELL, MODOBAG: Yes. Sit right in the middle there.

MOOS: -- we decided to carry on.

O`DONNELL: And then lift your handlebars up. Place your feet on the pegs.

MOOS: There`s a thumb throttle for the electric motor.

O`DONNELL: It`s very responsive. So, just take your time to get used to it.

MOOS: Handbrakes like on a bike. How fast am I going right now?

O`DONNELL: Probably going in six miles an hour.

MOOS: Top speed eight. Its state of the art, lithium battery, can go eight miles. Takes an hour to fully charge it.

If you`re going ape to have one, prepare to pay 1500 bucks when they start shipping in January. The ride was a little bumpy on New York`s cracked sidewalks but --

O`DONNELL: -- the airport, it`s like you`re floating on air.

MOOS: Kevin says the Modobag is FAA and TSA compliant and what remains to be seen if the airports would allow them where they to become popular.

MOOS: See you later.

Jeanne Moos, CNN, New York.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: It does take the log out of luggage, put a zip on your trip, create a new form of motorized transport and provide a new way to taxi to the terminal. But it will have to pack some serious orders before we can lug- gauge its success.

If you are off school for the Columbus Day holiday. Yesterday`s program at CNNStudentNews.com has coverage of Hurricane Matthew`s impact on the U.S. and some highlights from the second presidential debate. You`ll find it in our show archive.

CNN Student News October 10 2016

SUBTITLE: After hitting Haiti and the tropics, Hurricane Matthew set its sights on Florida.

Debris covered the roads. Many residents lost power. Signs were ripped down.

Hurricane Matthew slowly made its way up Florida`s coast, causing large amounts of property damage. Also leaving behind extensive flooding.

(END VIDEO CLIP)

CARL AZUZ, CNN STUDENT NEWS ANCHOR: Hi. I`m Carl Azuz. Welcome to CNN STUDENT NEWS.

The day after the second U.S. presidential debate. We`ll tell you more about that in just a few minutes. But we`re starting with a quick recap ofHurricane Matthew`s effects on the U.S. Southeast.

What`s left of the storm was headed out to sea last night. It was moving east into the Atlantic and expected to die out there. But it left massiveflooding behind, in Florida, Georgia, and the Carolinas, and killed at least 17 people across those four states.

As a hurricane, Matthew roared up the coast of the U.S. Southeast over the weekend. Its storm surge, the rise of water a hurricane pushes ashore,turns streets into virtual rivers in Jacksonville and several other Floridian communities. Beaches were eroded. Roads were washed out. More than 2 million households lost electricity.

Flooding continues in North Carolina, which seems to have gotten the brunt of the storm in the U.S. The eastern part of the state expected to beflooded for days as rivers rise over their banks.

But the storm was especially deadly in Haiti. Officials aren`t sure yet how many people died there. Some estimates say more than 300 were killedin the storm but others put the toll at more than twice that. A lot of the nation`s agriculture has been wiped out with farmland destroyed. And a

Haitian senator says the biggest concern now is cholera, an infectious disease that can be deadly and that spreads through dirty water, which isnow all over the country.

All of this only adds to the struggles of the improvised Caribbean nation.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

IVAN WATSON, CNN SENIOR INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): This is what the path of a hurricane looks like from the air. The storm left treesscattered like matchsticks on the hills.

(on camera): Look at how these trees are just stripped of foliage here. You can actually see the roofs of homes on the hilltops. The roof justblown away.

(voice-over): Hurricane Matthew killed hundreds of people and left tens of thousands homeless. We are flying over Haiti`s southwestern peninsula --one of the most isolated parts of the country.

(on camera): This is the only real way that we can get a sense of the scale of the damage caused by Hurricane Matthew, because Haiti does nothave a great network of roads. And there are a series of islands of Haiti`s coast like Ile-a-Vache -- what we`re looking at right now.

(voice-over): Six years ago, this region was largely untouched by the earthquake that shattered the Haitian capital. But this time, the peoplehere weren`t so lucky.

(on camera): How is your house?

RAOUL ROA, SURVIVOR: My house go down. Everything (INAUDIBLE).

WATSON: Everything`s gone? Yes?

ROA: All the trees were going down, electrical pole was done.

WATSON: Since the storm, residents of Port-Salut cleaned most of the debris off the roads. But at night, they sleep outside their shatteredhomes, in the dark.

(on camera): When do you think you`ll get electricity here again?

ROA: Nobody know when.

WATSON: This is a close up view of some of the damage that we could see from the sky, just one home that was ripped apart by the hurricane windsthat made a mess of people`s meager belongings and hurt a lot of people here too who had to wait days for emergency medical care.

(voice-over): These people survived the most powerful hurricane their country has seen in a generation, a grim reminder of the fury and power ofMother Nature.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: OK. Last night was round two of three. At Washington University, in St. Louis, Missouri, the Democratic and Republican nominees for U.S.president had their second head to head debate.

The moderators first planned questions centered on a controversy that surfaced Friday. It involved a tape from 2005 when a microphone that wasturned on recorded part of a conversation in which Donald Trump talked about how he behaved inappropriately toward women on multiple occasions.

On Saturday, the candidate apologized, admitting he`s, quote, "said some foolish things". Trump then accused Hillary Clinton of inappropriateactions.

(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)

DONALD TRUMP (R), PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE: This was locker room talk. I`m not proud of it. I apologize to my family. I apologize to the Americanpeople. Certainly, I`m not proud of it.

ANDERSON COOPER, DEBATE MODERATOR: So, Mr. Trump --

TRUMP: And we should get on to much more important things and much bigger things.

HILLARY CLINTON (D), PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE: He has said that the video doesn`t represent who he is. But I think it`s clear to anyone who heard itthat it represents exactly who he is.

(END VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ: But, of course, that wasn`t the only subject discussed at the debate. As you just saw, it was in a town hall format. And while themoderators were scheduled to ask half the questions, the other half were intended for members of the audience who were described as uncommittedvoters.

(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)

QUESTION: Affordable Care Act, known as Obamacare, it is not affordable. Premiums have gone up. Deductibles have gone up. Copays have gone up.

Prescriptions have gone up. And the coverage has gone down.

What will you do to bring the cost down and make coverage better?

CLINTON: I`m going to fix it, because I agree with you. Premiums have gotten too high. Copays, deductibles, prescription drug costs, and I`velaid out a series of actions that we can take to try to get those costs down.

TRUMP: We have to repeal it and replace it with something absolutely much less expensive and something that works, where your plan can actually betailored.

QUESTION: Good evening. Perhaps the most important aspect of this election is the Supreme Court justice. What would you prioritize as themost important aspect of selecting a Supreme Court justice?

CLINTON: I want to appoint Supreme Court justices who understand the way the world really works, who have real- life experience, who have not justbeen in a big law firm and maybe clerked for a judge and then gotten on the bench, but, you know, maybe they tried some more cases, they actually

understand what people are up against.

Because I think the current court has gone in the wrong direction.

I want a Supreme Court that will stick with Roe v. Wade and a woman`s right to choose, and I want a Supreme Court that will stick with marriageequality.

TRUMP: Justice Scalia, great judge, died recently. And we have a vacancy. I am looking to appoint judges very much in the mold of Justice Scalia.

I`m looking for judges -- and I`ve actually picked 20 of them so that people would see, highly respected, highly thought of, and actually verybeautifully reviewed by just about everybody.

But people that will respect the Constitution of the United States.

MARTHA RADDATZ, DEBATE MODERATOR: Mr. Trump, in December, you said this: "Donald J. Trump is calling for a total and complete shutdown of Muslimsentering the United States until our country`s representatives can figure out what`s going on."

Your running mate said this week that the Muslim ban is no longer your position. Is that correct? And if it is, was it a mistake to have areligious test?

TRUMP: I don`t want to have, with all the problems this country has and all of the problems that you see going on, hundreds of thousands of peoplecoming in from Syria when we know nothing about them. We know nothing about their values and we know nothing about their love for our country.

CLINTON: First of all, I will not let anyone into our country that I think poses a risk to us. But there are a lot of refugees, women and children.

And we need to do our part. We by no means are carrying anywhere near the load that Europe and others are.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: While presidential candidates typically go up and down in the polls, some courageous climbers clamber over each other for the title of tallestand most complex human tower. The Spanish competition dates back to the 18th century. It`s recognized as part of Catalonia`s cultural heritage.

The strongest folks are at the bottom, as you might expect and it`s usually a child who crawls to the top.

There is an element of danger here and the goal is to get everyone back down without the tower collapsing.

The climber climbs with the clamber, the attitude with the altitude, the vertical victor unveiling the unfailing victor of a towery achievementthat`s ahead above the rest. To compete, you`ve got to love stories and at the top of your class, you`ve got to be sure to ac-climb-atize.

I`m Carl Azuz for CNN STUDENT NEWS.

CNN Student News October 7 2016

REPORTER: Hurricane Matthew has strengthened.

GOV. RICK SCOTT (R), FLORIDA: The storm will kill you. Time is running out. We don`t have much time left.

TV ANCHOR: It really just could hit everywhere between Miami and all the way up to Georgia.

REPORTER: They really want people to get out of the way.

SCOTT: There will be massive destruction that we haven`t seen in years.

BARACK OBAMA, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES: You can always repair property. You cannot restore life if it is lost.

(END VIDEO CLIP)

CARL AZUZ, CNN STUDENT NEWS ANCHOR: More than 2 million people in Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina have been told to get inland, with Hurricane Matthew barreling towards the U.S. Southeast. It was a major category four storm when we put this show together. Scientists who flew through it on planes like this were able to take measurements. Matthew`s sustained wind speeds were 140 miles per hour last night, the system capable of catastrophic damage.

It left behind death and destruction from Saint Vincent and Grenadines, to the Dominican Republic, to Haiti. At least 113 people were killed in the three countries and more than 100 of those died in Haiti alone. The United Nations called it the biggest humanitarian event there since 2010 earthquake leveled parts of the Caribbean country.

In southeast Cuba, dozens of homes were reportedly washed away and the Bahamas took a direct hit.

Matthew was headed toward Florida and expected to come ashore early Friday morning. But forecasters couldn`t say for sure. Its exact path was uncertain.

Besides winds that can knock down walls, one facet of a hurricane that`s so dangerous for coastal communities is the storm surge, the wall of ocean water it blows ashore.

(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)

SARA GANIM, CNN CORRESPONDENT: This here, this is a post that represents a rough estimate of what do storm surge could look like in a category two, three, four, five hurricane storm. Look at this, I`m 5`7", OK? I don`t even, I`m not even as tall as the category two surge estimate. This could
be 11 to 15 feet of the surge, and you can see that these buildings aren`t build that much higher than this post. There`s really just about a few feet, these buildings, why only a few feet above sea level here on Tybee Island.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

SUBTITLE: What`s in a Hurricane`s Name?

GRAY: The military started naming storms after their wives, their girlfriends, but none of these names were made public.

So, 1950, everything changed. Several storms formed out in the Atlantic about the same time, it created a lot of confusion. So, the U.S. Weather Bureau said, OK, let`s start naming storms.

And they actually started by using the World War II alphabet, Able, Baker, Charlie, Dog, Easy. But this created confusion as well, because every year, the storm names were the same.

It wasn`t until 1979 that we started alternating male and female names. We recycle that list every six years. In the Atlantic Basin, we use English, Spanish and French names.

No storms are named after a particular person. In fact, you can`t request a storm to be named after you. That entire process is handled by the World Meteorological Organization.

A storm name will be retired if it is too costly or deadly and it would be inappropriate to use it in future years. In fact, since 1950, there had been nearly 80 storm names retired.

And what happens if we go through all of the storm names? Well, it happened in 2005. We ended up going to the Greek alphabet.

So, that`s what`s in a name. It took a long time to get here, but just like each individual name, each storm tends to have its own personality.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: Turning our attention now from Atlantic to Pacific. We`ve told you how China has been building up islands and its military presence in the South China Sea. It`s something that concerns several other countries in the region, and it`s seen as a challenge to the U.S. whose military ships
and aircraft have been warned by China to avoid the area.

It`s only over the past few years that China has dramatically built up its presence here, but it`s one issue concerning the Asian country that`s expected to confront the next U.S. leader.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

MATT RIVERS, CNN INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENT: Here are three reasons why China could be the biggest global challenge for the next U.S. president.

First up, three words: South China Sea, where China`s aggressive military expansion has stirred up tensions with its neighbors and where the U.S. and Chinese militaries regularly face off in waters crucial to the global economy.

Cyber-security is also a big issue. China has been accused to targeting the U.S. government and private U.S. businesses. So, protecting top-secret information and intellectual property will be a huge challenge.

China`s economy is also slowing down in a big way. A Chinese recession will be bad news for the U.S., its largest trading partner. If China sneezes, it`s the U.S. economy that catches the cold.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: According to the United Nations, food waste is defined as food that`s initial safe for people to eat, but it doesn`t get eaten because it`s left to spoil or it`s thrown out. The U.S. government estimates that food waste in America could be as high as 40 percent of the food supply.

But there is a process that ensures that food left to waste doesn`t stay that way.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

REPORTER: Americans send more than 30 million tons of food to the landfill every year. But as the saying goes, "One person`s trash is another`s treasure" -- really smell treasure.

BOB YOST, A1 ORGANICS, VICE PRESIDENT: We`re not dealing with the Bed, Bath and Beyond. These are the smells of nature.

REPORTER: Welcome to Heartland Biogas, a facility in rural Colorado that takes food waste from all over the state and turns it into electricity.

YOST: The waste comes from grocery stores, from cafeterias, from restaurants, packing houses, meat preparation, dog food or pet food manufacturing facilities, food processors, just about any place that has a food-based waste.

REPORTER: The process Heartland uses is called anaerobic digestion, and as the name implies, it works just like our human digestive systems, by breaking down food into energy, in this case, electricity.

The food waste that comes into the facility is separated from any packaging, chewed up into a more digestible state, and mixed with bacteria, in one of Heartland`s 1.7 million gallon holding tanks. And while in human digestion, gas is far from being the goal. Gas is exactly what Heartland is after.

Remember the smell from before? It`s methane and it`s a great source of renewable energy.

YOST: We create three things: gas, liquid soil amendment, and solid soil amendment of peat moss like material.

The digester is just like your stomach`s bacteria. The bacteria eat the organics and then they create gas. Not unlike what we do.

REPORTER: Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas. So, when food rots in a landfill and sends gas into the atmosphere, it`s bad news for the environment. In fact, if global food waste were a country, it would be the world`s third largest emitter of greenhouse gases. The methane made in

Heartland`s digesters is pumped into an interstate pipeline where it can be accessed as a source of clean renewable power, all while cutting on harmful emissions.

YOST: The vast majority of the materials that we processed were originally landfill or disposed of. We can process up to 1,200 tons a day. That`s really good size landfill. If you`re doing 240,000 tons a year into a landfill, that`s a lot of waste. This is a very efficient and impactful way to be capturing that resource.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: Robots among us. This little machine was made by a Japanese car manufacturer. It`s supposed to be a conversation partner, so it`s OK if it talks back. It would set you back almost $400 plus 3 bucks a month to stay connected.

This on the other paw is available for a one-time fee of about 120 barks -- I mean, bucks. It`s being marketed a way to bring people the comfort of a pet without the need for feeding, walking, grooming or potty-training.

So, will it short-circuit the pet industry? Can we expect to see Botweillers, Chiperkes, Battery hounds, Irish sensors, Bichon fuses and

Circuitalian greyhounds our best friends? If that were to happen, every breed will become a toy.

I`m Carl Azuz. Hope you have a great weekend ahead.

CNN Student news October 6, 2016

CARL AZUZ, CNN STUDENT NEWS ANCHOR: The Caribbean nation of Haiti has postponed a presidential election. Four U.S. states have declared states of emergency and it`s all because of Hurricane Matthew.

As it approached the island nation of Bahamas last night, Matthew`s winds spun at 120 miles per hour. That made it a category three hurricane. The forecasters predicted it would get stronger before reaching the U.S. That could happen tonight, that could be delayed until Saturday.

Meteorologists don`t know for sure where Matthew was headed, but they had a cone, a potential range to work from.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

JENNIFER GRAY, CNN METEOROLOGIST: So, when you take a hurricane, right inside that center eye wall, that`s where you`re going to have the strongest winds, right around that center. Cluster of thunderstorms, that`s where we have the 120-mile-per-hour winds. Once you pan the storm out, the winds start to get a little bit less and less. With this particular hurricane, the hurricane winds extend about 45 miles from the center and then tropical storm force winds extend nearly 200 miles from the center.

So, when you`re looking at the track of this, if this storm tracks right down the middle, if it brushes that coast and stays a little bit offshore, you are going to have slightly weaker winds than say if this storm pushed on shore, that`s when you could have catastrophic 120-mile-per-hour winds plus on shore, with all of the storm surge, as well as the very, very heavy rainfall.

Best case scenario, it stays to the east side of the cone, stays offshore and the winds aren`t quite as great. You`ll still get high surf beach erosion, but you won`t have those strong hurricane force winds. If this storm once again though tracks right down the center line, we could see a devastating winds though across much of the coast of Florida, as well as storm surge, a lot of rainfall and beach erosions.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: Florida Governor Rick Scott said yesterday that everyone in his state must prepare for a direct hit. Mandatory evacuations were in place for several coastal areas, in Florida and South Carolina. On its destructive path through the Caribbean, Hurricane Matthew was blamed for at
least 10 deaths in the Dominican Republic, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Haiti.

That`s why Floridian officials were taking no chances.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

BORIS SANCHEZ, CNN CORRESPONDENT: The National Guard deployed more than 500 National Guards member. Members have already been deployed across the state. There are evacuation orders just south of us, in Brevard County. And you can expect those to expand, especially in the coastal areas and barrier islands like the one we`re on right now.

Gas stations with huge lines. Even reports that some gas station have run out of gas. There are also aisles and aisles and aisles at grocery stores that have been emptied out by people buying water and nonperishable food items.

So, people are heeding this warning, even though things outside right now look calm and beautiful. They will not be that way once this hurricane gets closer to Florida.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: On Tuesday night, the two U.S. candidates for vice president sat down with the moderator for their one and only debate. Indiana Governor

Mike Pence is on the Republican ticket with businessman and television personality, Donald Trump. Virginia Senator Tim Kaine is on the Democratic ticket with former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton.

Vice presidential debates have been characterized as proxy events, meaning, they`re not always about the two people on the stage, their records and their policies. But more about the people they`re running with, defining and defending the presidential candidates.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

DEBATE MODERATOR: Gentlemen --

SEN. TIM KAINE (D), VICE PRESIDENTIAL NOMINEE: If you can`t meet Nixon`s standard --

DEBATE MODERATOR: The people at home cannot understand either one of you when you speak over each other. I would please ask you to wait until it is that the other is finished.

SUBTITLE: The candidates for vice president argued over Donald Trump`s tax returns --

KAINE: Donald Trump his tax returns to show he was qualified to be vice president. Donald Trump must give the American public his tax returns to show that he`s qualified to be president. And he`s breaking his promise.

SUBTITLE: -- taxes.

GOV. MIKE PENCE (R), VICE PRESIDENTIAL NOMINEE: You can roll out the numbers and the sunny side, but I got to tell you, people in Scranton know different. People in Fort Wayne, Indiana, know different. The answer to this economy is not more taxes.

SUBTITLE: -- Vladimir Putin.

KAINE: These guys have praised Vladimir Putin as a great leader. How can they defend that?

DEBATE MODERATOR: Yes, and we will get to that, Senator.

(CROSSTALK)

PENCE: I must have hit a nerve here.

DEBATE MODERATOR: Why the disconnect?

PENCE: Because --

You know, there`s an old proverb that says the Russian bear never dies, it just hibernates. And the truth of the matter is, the weak and feckless foreign policy of Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama has awakened an aggression in Russia.

SUBTITLE: -- Hillary Clinton`s emails.

DEBATE MODERATOR: Two hundred fifty thousand people --

PENCE: If your son or my son handled classified information the way Hillary Clinton did --

QUIJANO: -- one hundred thousand of them children -- Governor --

PENCE: -- they`d be court martialed.

SUBTITLE: -- Trump`s statements.

KAINE: He`s called women slobs, pigs, dogs, disgusting. He went after John McCain, a POW, and said he wasn`t hero because he`d been captured.

PENCE: There they go again.

KAINE: I have said to Governor Pence I can`t imagine how you can defend your running mate`s position on one issue after the next.

(CROSSTALK)

KAINE: And yet he is asking everybody to vote for somebody that he cannot defend.

PENCE: I`m just trying to keep up with the insult-driven campaign on the other side of the table.

KAINE: You know, I`m just saying facts about your running mate.

PENCE: Yes.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: A few references to their running mates on those clips, and the next time that Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton meet face to face will be Sunday night at 9:00 p.m. Their second debate will have a town hall format, meaning many of the questions will be asked by members of the audience.

We don`t know yet if the nation of Libya will come up, but the North African country is where the U.S. supported the fight against former Libyan leader Moammar Gadhafi in 2011. Its condition today could pose a major challenge for either Trump or Clinton.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

NICK PATON WALSH, CNN SENIOR INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENT: Here are some reasons Libya could be the biggest global problem for the next U.S. president:

The country is in chaos. As ISIS lost ground in Syria and Iraq, it`s become their fallback stronghold. And to make matters worse, there`s no central government to battle them.

Libya is close to Europe and it appears though that ISIS is smuggling fighters among the thousands of refugees and migrants using the

Mediterranean route to arrive in Europe each moment.

It`s a magnet for poor, young and sub-Saharan Africans who head north for a better life. This puts them becoming an endless supply of recruits for jihadists.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: To the moon, again. That`s where a number of international teams are racing to go, not with human astronauts this time, but with a lander and a robotic rover. The technology company that started the competition wants to inspire scientists and businesspeople to find relatively low cost
ways to explore space. And while the prize money is tens of millions of dollars, it`s not worth the effort in terms of cost alone. So, why participate?

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

NEIL ARMSTRONG, NASA ASTRONAUT: It`s one small step for man --

OREN LIEBERMANN, CNN CORRESPONDENT: In today`s dollars, it costs nearly $140 billion to put a man on the moon.

ARMSTRONG: -- one giant leap for mankind.

LIEBERMANN: It was the culmination of the Cold War space race.

NARRATOR: Thirty private teams from 16 countries.

LIEBERMANN: Now, another space race is nearing its end. The $30 million Google Lunar X Prize.

Teams have to put a rover on the moon, move it 500 meters in any direction and feed back high definition video from the lunar surface. The teams must be almost entirely privately funded and they have until December 31st, 2017.

Two teams lead the way towards that deadline, an American team Moon Express, and the Israel team, Space IL.

INBAL KREISS, ISRAEL AEROSPACE INDUSTRIES: Israel is a startup nation. So, we are as a startup nation must continue to be leading in all these front (ph) of technologies.

LIEBERMANN: Space IL was the first team to book their launch to the moon sometime next year.

Why is all these so necessary?

We visit Space IL at Israel Aerospace Industries, putting on jackets and hats to enter the clean room. This is where satellites are built and this is where Space IL will construct their space craft.

First prize is $20 million and yet it costs much more than $20 million to get to the moon. Why do this?

ERAN PRIVMAN, CEO, SPACE IL: Well, of course, not for the prize. There are many reasons to be there. We as an Israeli team, we would like to put Israel, Israeli technology on the moon next to the Russians, the Americans, and China. So, we believe this by itself is a great achievement.

LIEBERMANN: CEO Eran Privman remembers watching man`s first step on the moon. He was just a little boy. It was the moment of inspiration that he uses to this day at Space IL.

PRIVMAN: If we accomplish it, then we definitely open a new era for a commercial travel to either the moon or to Mars or to elsewhere.

ANNOUNCER: Five, four, three, two, one, zero --

LIEBERMANN: They all have sounded like science fiction a few years, then maybe the real mission of the Google Lunar X Prize, to redefine what`s possible.

Oren Liebermann, CNN, Central Israel.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: Before we go, it`s like a combo, football, juggling, ballet and the circus. So, thank goodness for slow motion. This comes to us from Immagine Video.

Flea flicker play, QB throws deep, the receiver is well-covered, the pass is deflected and then the fun begins. After more bubbles and hiccups that we can count, the Pro Titans of the Western Communities Football League score a very hard one touch down.

It`s how butter fingers turned to glue. And you could see how we couldn`t pass up the chance to show how the play was so well-received, he might have been cornered and initially caught some criticism for having bubble hands. But at the end of it all, he was in the zone y`all.

I`m Carl Azuz, and that`s yardly the only puns we`ve got. Catch us again tomorrow.

CNN Student News October 5 2016

 Happy to see you today as we get started with a new edition of CNN STUDENT NEWS. I`m Carl Azuz at the CNNCenter.

First up, the troubled relationship between Russia and the U.S. seems to be getting worse. On Monday, Russia announced that it was suspending part ofan agreement with America focused on reducing the two countries` nuclear weapons.

The agreement was signed in the year 2000. It was for the two nations to get rid of their extra plutonium, an element that could be used to makenuclear weapons. But because of what it called "unfriendly actions" by the U.S., Russia said the deal was suspended. Analysts say it`s mostly a

symbolic move that follows a series of recent disagreements between the two countries.

The U.S. also made an announcement concerning Russia, that it was suspending talks with the country over ending the violence in Syria. Youmight remember that Russia and the U.S. organized a short-lived ceasefire there. The U.S. blamed Russia for making commitments in Syria that it
didn`t follow, but America says it`s still looking for ways to find peace in Syria.

A U.S. State Department spokesperson said the decision to end talks with Russia was not linked to Russia`s suspension of the plutonium agreement.

In the U.S. presidential race, we`ve talked a lot about Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton and Republican nominee Donald Trump, not as much asDemocratic Senator Tim Kaine and Republican Governor Mike Pence. They`re the two main parties` vice presidential running mates.

The Democrat represents the U.S. state of Virginia. Tim Kaine was elected to the job in 2012. Before that, he served as Virginia`s governor from2006 to 2010. And before that, Mr. Kaine worked as an attorney and taught part-time at the University of Richmond`s School of Law. He was named

Hillary Clinton`s running mate on July 22nd.

The Republican governs the U.S. state of Indiana. Mike Pence was elected to the job in 2012. Before that, he served Indiana in the U.S. House ofRepresentatives. And before that, Mr. Pence worked as an attorney and hosted a radio show and local TV program. He was named Donald Trump`srunning mate on July 15th.

The two candidates took the stage last night for the one and only U.S. vice presidential debate. It was held at Longwood University in Farmville,Virginia, and it was a chance for the men to discuss what the nation would like under a Clinton or Trump administration.

We`re going to bring you some of the highlights in tomorrow`s show. For now, a quick look at how the polls and an electoral map appeared for theDemocratic and Republican nominees.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

TOM FOREMAN, CNN CORRESPONDENT: The numbers say this was a very good week for Hillary Clinton.

Look at this -- she`s at 47 percent, five points ahead of Donald Trump. She was two points behind him about a month ago. Johnson down here at 7percent. Stein at 2 percent.

Of course, what really matters in all of this is the electoral vote. And if you look at the map as we project it right now, yes, you see a lot ofred. But in the big population centers out here and over here, that`s where you have a lot of electoral votes and they`re going solidly blue.

Some of the light blue ones in here also tilting that way.

If Hillary Clinton wins nothing but the blue states on this map, she has won the election. Donald Trump has to win all the red states, all of thelight red or pink states here, plus, the yellow battleground states, and he has to tip one of the light blue states in his direction if he`s going to

have a chance of winning in the Electoral College. It could be a done, but it is a reach.

And the enthusiasm is closing. For a long there, we saw tremendous enthusiasm on his side, very little on her side. It`s still in his favor,but she`s getting considerable closer.

But here`s one last thing that is really worth bearing in mind and ought to worry both parties. When you ask voters out there, their general opinionof both of these candidates, they`re still seen in the negative light, which suggests that no matter which one wins, the public may have a very
hard time watching that inauguration come January.



AZUZ: And no matter which candidate wins, he or she could have a very strenuous time determining the nation`s new foreign policy. In addition to

Russia, in addition to Syria, there are several international challenges awaiting the next U.S. president. One of them involving the communistnation of North Korea might not even wait for inauguration day.

The U.S.-based Center for Strategic and International Studies says North Korean leaders have routinely tried to ramp up international tensionsespecially around U.S. elections. North Korea has conducted missile tests and nuclear tests as a way of trying to intimidate U.S. leaders. Though

fighting in the Korean War ended in 1953, the North has remained a U.S. rally.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

WILL RIPLEY, CNN SENIOR INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENT: North Korea could be the biggest global headache facing the next U.S. president. Here`s why,it`s real and growing nuclear threat, not only to the region but potentially the world.

Their leader Kim Jong-un is relentless. Sanctions and warnings have done little to slow his nuclear ambition. In fact, he`s accelerated weaponsprogram.

Kim wants his arsenal of nuclear missiles capable of hitting the U.S. and he`s developing missiles that can be fired from submarines and mobilelaunchers, making them really hard to track. So, the next U.S. president faces two challenges. One, trying to convince North Korea`s unpredictable,

young leader to give up his nukes and the other challenge is to be prepared for any scenario, including an attack.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: On a list of endangered species, you might not expect to see bees. But for the first time, some types of bees are now protected under the U.S.Endangered Species Act.

Specifically, we`re talking about yellow-faced bees. They`re native to the islands of Hawaii. They`re said to look like small wasps, but they haveunique yellow and white marks on their faces that help distinguish them.

Seven species of yellow-faced bees are now officially classified as endangered. And experts say this is actually a good thing for them. Itprovides money for their protection. It allows officials to start programs to help them recover.

There are both manmade and natural threats to these insects -- destruction of their habitat, invasive species, wildfires, droughts, tsunamis andhurricanes. And some of the problems they`re facing are shared by bees around the world.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

NOAH WILSON-RICH, CHIEF SCIENTIST, BEST BEES CO.: It`s bizarre.

And when a beekeeper goes into his hive, he`ll find a queen. She`s healthy, laying eggs, find maybe food, some honey, pollen stores. He won`tsee many signs of the disease outright, but the bees are gone, and it`s so mysterious.

Where did they go?

We just don`t know and that`s what we call colony collapse disorder.

My name is Noah. I`m a beekeeper.

In 2006, October to December, an alarming number of commercial bee colonies were dead in Pennsylvania, and this is really when we start talking aboutmodern day colony collapse disorder.

People like mysteries because it`s an interesting story. But this is really important story. We need honey bees for the role as pollinators, ofover 130 crops that humans depend on, fruits and vegetables. They contribute over $15 billion annually just to the U.S. economy alone.

It`s hard to determine the causes of colony collapse disorder because there are no bodies found. How can we find out how something died without thebody?

There have been some obscure hypotheses, ranging from cellphones to aliens.

Those are not well-supported, but certainly discussed, and then there are some more well-supported hypotheses, including lack of nutrition to do thehabitat loss. We have fewer flowers around and also diseases.

Here in the United States, we have a lot more talk in the news and among scientists and researchers about the effects of pesticides on honeybeehealth, specifically with regards to the neonicotinoid class of pesticides.

Something that our research focuses is vaccine for bees, for totally unique approach, regardless of what is killing them. We`re already looking at howto make them healthier.

Bees are important. We need the bees because we need food. Bees need us because now, bees are doing much better in managed colonies than inferiorcolonies. They`re healthier when they`re managed. So, this interrelationship that we have over evolutionary time has just forced thetwo of us, humans and bees together.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: OK. We`ve heard of car wraps, mat paint jobs, bedliner paint jobs. But for this custom covering, you`ll need to rub more than two cents together because it took 51,300 of them, plus, multiple bottles of various kinds of glue.

The coinage alone adds an additional 282 pounds of weight to the truck, and the man who made it says it took him seven weeks working six to seven hoursa day to put it altogether. He keeps extra glue for when the hood or door slam and knock a few cents off. But all in all, he says it`s worth every

penny -- especially since its stays in mint condition.

And while a lot of folks would like to offer their two cents on that or get a penny for their thoughts, kind of turns the whole customization idea onits head, though to drive it, you`d have to love heavy metal.

This is CNN STUDENT NEWS where we`re always linking news and puns just to see what we can coin. I`m Carl Azuz.

CNN Student News October 4 2016

CARL AZUZ, CNN STUDENT NEWS ANCHOR: A tail of two storms is where we begin today`s edition of CNN STUDENT NEWS. I`m Carl Azuz.

When we produce today`s show, the Japanese island of Okinawa was getting hit with a super typhoon. It`s name is Chaba. Its maximum sustained winds were about 165 miles per hour. That made it the equivalent of a category five hurricane, the strongest type. Several islands were in Chaba`s
expected path, which was expected to turn east near South Korea and roar across the northern Japanese mainland.

And in the Caribbean, Hurricane Matthew, a category four storm last night, was expected to brush by Jamaica and hit Haiti overnight before moving over

Eastern Cuba. Matthew was traveling slowly, with 140-mile-per-hour winds, the longer it hovers over an island, the more rain it can bring and the bigger its threat of causing flash floods and mudslides.

Throughout the Caribbean, airports have been closed. Storm shelters open and cruises rerouted to avoid the hurricane.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

CHAD MYERS, CNN METEOROLOGIST: This is what we`re expecting the storm to do as it gets into the Bahamas. This is what concerns me. You can see the left turn as it gets east of Cuba and then it gets into Turks and Caicos, it turns left, it turns back toward the U.S. And then it has turned right
to miss us.

Now, that`s the forecast. But that still concerns me although that`s going to happen or not. Here are the models, see how they turn left.

See this little left? This what really concerns me. That part right there will -- will they actually turn right again or will they just keep going to the left? Those are so many days away.

I know and we talk about this all the time, that the first 24 to 48 hours of a model is very good. After that, not so good. So, if this is a good part and this might not be the good part, where does it go from there, you need to keep watching if you live in the East Coast, anywhere.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: Once again, international tensions have flared up over a place named Kashmir. It`s not an independent country. Kashmir is a highly disputed region of Asia that both India and Pakistan claimed as their own. They each control part of it, so does China. But it was in the section of

Kashmir that`s controlled by India where an attack was launched late Sunday night.

India blames terrorists for shooting at an Indian army camp there. This was after troops from India and Pakistan exchanged fire with each country accusing the other of provoking it. As the anger has risen and the relationship has worsened between India and Pakistan, India relocated 10,000 people who were living near a disputed border area of Kashmir. These are only the latest incidents in a decades-long dispute over the region.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

SUBTITLE: Kashmir: A bitter dispute.

RAVI AGRAWAL, CNN CORRESPONDENT: Kashmir today looks and sounds on edge, armed and ready to go off. Its lands are carved up in an easy truce between an easy truce between India, Pakistan and China, too. But before all that, Kashmir known not as a flash point, but Asia`s Switzerland, with
beautiful snowcapped peaks and lush valleys.

So, how did we get here?

The troubles began around 1947 when India and Pakistan gained their independence from Britain. Pakistan was created out of Muslim-dominated areas. Kashmir was a sticking point. It was Muslim majority but its leader at the time decided to accede to India.

Now, fighting over Kashmir has led to wars in 1947 and again 1965. Evan after both India and Pakistan became nuclear, they attack each other in 1999, stopping short of a full scale war. Today, tensions are ratcheting up once again.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: Updating you now on an unexpected vote in the South American nation of Colombia. We reported yesterday that polls showed that a peace agreement negotiated by the nation`s government and the FARC rebels who`ve been fighting it for 52 years had a good chance of passing. But by a very thin margin, voters rejected the agreement on Sunday, 50.22 percent voted against it, 49.78 percent voted for it. One major criticism of the agreement was that it didn`t do enough to punish the rebels for these past crimes.

Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos says he doesn`t have a plan B, but that a ceasefire between the government and the rebels would stay in place while negotiations between the two sides would continue in Havana, Cuba. FARC leader Rodrigo Londono who also goes by Timoleon Jimenez also says he`s committed to peace. The United Nations is sending its Colombia envoy to Cuba to join the discussions.

A lot of uncertainty now hangs over Colombia. And the same can be said for the Middle Eastern nation of Afghanistan. Its government controls about two-thirds of the country, but the Taliban, Afghanistan`s former rulers who allowed terrorists to live and train there control about 10 percent, and they`ve increased their attacks recently, despite hundreds of airstrikes this year by the U.S., which supports the Afghan government.

These events plus the fact that more than 8,000 U.S. forces remain in the country contribute to the challenges it presents for the next American leader.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

NICK PATON WALSH, CNN SENIOR INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENT: Here are three reasons Afghanistan could be the biggest global program for the next U.S. president.

Afghanistan is nearing a failed state. The Taliban controlled more territory there than any time since the war started in 2001. That means Afghanistan could become a haven for terror groups, including rivals al Qaeda and ISIS.

There are no good policy options for the next White House. You can`t abandon a country at the heart of America`s longest war with thousands of lives that are being lost. But at the same time, there`s no realistic public appetite for a substantial rise in troop numbers.

Afghanistan is both Pakistan and India`s problem and they are both nuclear powers. Afghanistan accuses Pakistan of assisting the Taliban. Pakistan accuses India of interfering in Afghanistan. Either way, Afghanistan suffers and remains a regional headache for the U.S.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: The 2016 Nobel Peace Prize for medicine has been awarded to a Japanese biologist. Yoshinori Ohsumi made discoveries in the area of autophagy. That`s the process that a cell uses to recycle some of its own components. Scientists have known about autophagy since the 1960s, but
Ohsumi`s work, which included experiments with baker`s yeast led to a deeper understanding of how cells stay healthy.

He`ll receive more than $900,000 in prize money. As advances in medicine are made around the world, there`s a U.S.-based biotechnology company that`s raised record funds, even though its method is so far unproven and hasn`t worked before, and its human trials which could take years are just getting started.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

RACHEL CRANE, CNN CORRESPONDENT: For years, incurable diseases like cancer and HIV have stumped scientists. But if there`s a cure for those diseases right under our noses, literally?

At biotech startup Moderna, they believe the key to treating rare diseases is to trigger the body to heal itself, to make its own medicine. And how does that work? It all comes down to proteins.

STEPHANE BANCEL, CEO, MODERNA: So, sometimes when you`re sick, what you`re just missing is one protein. If we could just give you that protein back, then you`ll be healthier again.

CRANE: So, how do you get that one missing protein back into your body?

For years, we`ve relied on pharmaceutical companies to make expensive protein-based drugs for treatment. But protein based drugs aren`t as effective as they could be and can degrade in the bloodstream or digestive tract.

That`s where Moderna comes in. By injecting your body with messenger RNA molecules, they`ve discovered a way to naturally trigger your body cells into making their own healing proteins. The body makes its own medicine.

In theory, messenger RNA or MRNA could deliver the genetic instructions to your cells to make any type of protein that your body needs to heal itself.

But until recently, scientists believe our immune systems would reject MRNA from outside sources.

BANCEL: Evolution has taught all of our cells to ignore messenger RNA when it comes from the outside. That`s what a virus looks like. What we`ve been able to do at Moderna is actually change the properties of that MRNA so that to the cell, it looks likes its own.

CRANE: And that breakthrough has led to potential treatments for a wide range of conditions, from heart disease to cancer. Over the last four years, Moderna has raised $1.5 billion, partnering with pharmaceutical companies, the government, and recently, the Gates Foundation, who committed $20 million to tackle HIV.

But research is still in its early stages. Moderna recently started their first two human clinical trials and has plans for at least four more.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: Before we go, a desert kaleidoscope. That`s the theme for this year`s Albuquerque International Balloon Fiesta. It got off the ground over the weekend in New Mexico and runs through the week. More than 500 hot air balloons are taking part in one of the oldest forms of aviation.

And, of course, that looks amazing in this time-lapse video.

There have been some crashes here and there. No serious injuries have been reported.

Of course, some people get an over-inflated sense of confidence. You can call them basket cases. But that kind of thing tends to balloon with each rise of each successful launch. You got to both know the ropes and let them go especially if you expect to get around the world in 80 days.

I`m Carl Azuz and I`m all out of hot air. We`ll take off with more news tomorrow.

CNN Student News - October 3, 2016

CARL AZUZ, CNN STUDENT NEWS ANCHOR: Delivering your October 3 edition of CNN STUDENT NEWS. I`m Carl Azuz. Happy to have you watching.

We`re getting started today with a potential peace treaty in the South American nation of Columbia. I say potential because voters had the final word yesterday and we didn`t have results yet when we produce this show.

But here`s what this is all about. For 52 years, a rebel group called the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Columbia, also known as FARC, has been fighting against the Columbian government. That government is a presidential republic. FARC is a Marxist group supporting a redistribution of wealth and opposing international influence in businesses in Columbia. It`s been largely funded by the illegal drug trade.

The U.S. labels FARC a terrorist group. It`s used guerilla tactics, raids, bombings, sabotage, kidnappings, in its five decade war against the government. An estimated 220,000 people have died.

But last week, Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos and FARC leader Rodrigo Londono signed a peace agreement which could end Latin America`s longest running war. As part of the deal, FARC would give up its weapons and convert from a guerilla group to a left wing political party. It also
said it would pay reparations to victims of the war.

The agreement has extensive international support from the U.S. and the U.N., to Central and South American nations. And polls showed it had a good chance of passing with Colombian voters. But critics feel it doesn`t go far enough to punish FARC fighters for their crimes.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

RAFAEL ROMO, CNN CORRESPONDENT: It`s very evident that not everybody in Colombia is in favor of the peace agreement. These people behind me come from different parts of Colombia, here to Cartagena, to say no to the peace agreement. Their main point is that they are not willing to forgive a terrorist group as they call the FARC that has killed people, that has committed any number of atrocities, including kidnappings and assassinations before they go to jail, before they`re tried and before there`s justice.

They say that President Juan Manuel Santos is wrong and so is the international community.

(END VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ: Up next -- torrential rainfall, life-threatening flash floods and mudslides, this is what`s possible from Hurricane Matthew, a powerful Caribbean storm that was expected to hit Jamaica and Haiti this morning. Last night, Matthew was a category four hurricane, just one step below the
strongest hurricane classification. Its sustained wind speeds were around 145 miles per hour, capable of catastrophic damage that can knock down walls, trees and power poles.

Flights have been cancelled in the Caribbean, people were making emergency preparations. Officials are particularly concerned about Haiti whose infrastructure still hasn`t recovered from an earthquake in 2010 that killed more than 200,000 people and the cholera outbreak that followed, killing thousands of others.

Unsafe encounters, that`s how a U.S. military official describe some recent incidents in the Persian Gulf involving Iranian boats. Last month, seven Iranian fast attack boats reportedly harassed an American ship. The month beforehand, the U.S. Navy fired three warning shots after an Iranian boat
came to close.

The U.S. called the Iranian maneuvers concerning, unsafe, and unprofessional. But they`re just part of the reason why the Middle Eastern country could pose a significant challenge for the next U.S. president.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

FREDERIK PLEITGEN, CNN SENIOR INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENT: The U.S. may have struck a deal with Iran over its nuclear program, but things are still tense.

Iran may be the biggest international headache for the next U.S. president for the following reasons. Iran will become much stronger militarily now that some sanctions are ended. And the stronger Iran still has a largely anti-American agenda. It`s already causing military problems for the U.S.
in places like Syria, Iraq and Yemen and diplomatic problems with Saudi Arabia and Israel.

Some hardliners in the U.S. and in Iran want to roll back the nuclear deal, which could destroy the improving relations between the two long-time rivals. Iran has also hinted that it could ramp up its uranium enrichment at any time and some experts fear the country may secretly be developing
nuclear weapons regardless of the agreement.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: You probably heard the saying, "once in a blue moon". The last one of those happened during the summertime last year. The next will be in January of 2018. In many ways, the opposite of a blue moon is a black moon. And in the western hemisphere, it`s something that happened but that you did not see last Friday.

The eastern hemisphere will have a black moon on October 31st, and the next one won`t happen again until late July of 2019.

OK. So, those are the dates. What exactly is meant by the terms black and blue moons?

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

SUBTITLE: How full moons were named.

JENNIFER GRAY, CNN METEOROLOGIST: Full moon names date back to the Native Americans. They would name a full moon and that name would last the entire month and it would help them keep track of the moons and the season.

One of the more notable moons, the Harvest Moon, this is because the fields have already been harvested and this is when animals needed to be killed and stored because winter is coming soon.

Every now and then, we get a couple of bonus moons. You see the lunar calendars roughly 29 days, but our monthly calendar is mostly 30 to 31 days. So, every now and then, you will get two full moons in one calendar month.

When you have two full moons in a calendar month, the second one is called the blue moon. And when you have two new moons in a calendar month, the second moon is called the black moon, which is pretty much the only moon that matches its name, because it`s invisible to us on earth appearing black.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: Growing up in the island of Trinidad, Isha Desselle remembers working with her mother to feed the homeless. She says the elderly in Trinidad were always respected unlike some she met after moving to the United States. So, what she did about that and how she`s helped more than 7,000 senior citizens in Houston, Texas, are reasons why she`s today`s "Character Study".

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

ISHA DESSELLE, CNN HERO: When you`re older living on the street, it`s a very scary place. You`re much more vulnerable.

The people who are in between the ages of 50 and 62, society views them as too old for working and too young for Social Security. They need help. It`s like you don`t exist and that`s wrong.

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: I was in retail management for about 30 years. I lost my job. Suddenly, in my late 50s, I wasn`t getting any callbacks.

Eventually, I lost my car, then I got an eviction notice. I never thought I`d be in that position.

DESSELLE: Thirty years ago, I sold my home and everything that I had, put a down payment on a rundown apartment complex and just got started. To get this place ready for the elderly homeless.

How are you doing?

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Great.

DESSELLE: We provide food, shelter, clothing and a variety of supportive services.

The end goal is really to get back on their feet.

I may organize it, but the people here, they are the ones who makes it happen.

Anyone who lives here has a chore if they`re able.

I really want John to do those or George.

They`re at the gate, or office, the kitchen, the maintenance. It`s a community that help each other.

Coby?

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Bingo tonight. The Rotary Club will be doing dinner for us.

Once you`re homeless, you just feel like maybe I don`t deserve to get back on my feet.

Turning Point Center, how may I direct your call?

Turning Point can change your way of thinking about that.

Hi, guys!

CROWD: Hi!

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: I look forward to my future where I didn`t have hope, I have hope.

DESSELLE: They have so much to offer. People need to not push them aside and don`t pass judgment that quickly, because you can be there, too.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: At the New York Public Library, gone are the days when librarians had to manually put books on carts and then wheel them through the eight- storey building. Now, the books traveled by train.

A new conveyor system is on track to keep things amoving. Researchers request materials, staff load them up on one of the 24 moving cars and they`re transported horizontally and vertically over 950 feet of track to other staff members. The cost, $2.6 million.

So, it kind of turns a library into a books of million, and if it shuts down, it could really put folks in a bind. But there`s no doubt it carriers over stories and it`s a fun topic to cover, because no matter what the technology looks like, libraries will always have pages.

That ushers out another broadcast of CNN STUDENT NEWS. I`m Carl Azuz and it`s probably time for me to shhh.

CNN Student News September 30 2016

 Thank you for spending part of your day with us, this last day of September. I`m Carl Azuz for CNN STUDENT
NEWS.

First up, tragedy at a train station. A transit train crowded with people commuting to work crashed yesterday morning in Hoboken, New Jersey.

Survivors who were aboard the train said it simply didn`t slow down like it`s supposed when it entered the station. It reportedly slammed into a
block that marks the end of the track and then went up in the air inside the terminal apparently causing part of the roof to collapse.

Officials say one person who was standing in the platform when the train came in was killed. More than a hundred other people were injured, some ofthem seriously hurt. Some passengers were able to climb down on their own. Others were trapped until they could be rescued. The train`s engineer is
in the hospital. He`s reportedly in stable condition.

Yesterday wasn`t the first time has crashed at the Hoboken station. The National Transportation Safety Board will be investigating similarities
between this incident and one that happened in 2011. For the time being, real service has been suspended at the station, where more than 15,000people board a train every weekday.

Next this Friday, what could become dangerous waters. Japan is getting ready to join the U.S. in military training exercises in the South ChinaSea. And China says Japan is playing with fire.

The South China Sea is located in the Western Pacific Ocean. It`s an important and contested waterway, surrounded by several Southeast Asiancountries. China claims to control it. Over the summer, an international court ruled that China does not. But the country ignored that ruling,

calling it a farce.

And China continues, along with other countries in the region, to build up its presence there. Why?

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

KRISTIE LU STOUT, CNN CORRESPONDENT: This is the South China Sea, and this may not look like much. But these small, sparsely populated islands andreefs are at a center of a heated international dispute over land and water rights involving China, the United States and much of Southeast Asia.

Nearly third of the world`s trade passes through here on ships and valuable gas and oil deposits are believed to lie below these waters.

Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia, Brunei and Taiwan all have competing claims of territory, but China is the most ambitious and the mostaggressive.

As you can see, China claims almost all of the sea, citing a historic boundary it calls the "Nine Dash" line. And over here, in the chain ofislands called the Spratlys, China, to some extent Vietnam, are rapidly building artificial islands, installing infrastructure, all to justifytheir territorial claims.

Now, let`s zoom in all the way in on a reef here known as the Fiery Cross. A satellite photos from the Asian Maritime Transparency Institute revealedjust how much China has transformed this reef into a fully pledged island, reclaiming over 2 million square meters, adding lighthouses, even anairstrip.

And just a few steps away, zoom in to a different story, Sand Cay Island controlled by Vietnam. The AMTI says Vietnam expanded the island here bymore than 50 percent, adding defensive positions, gun emplacements and trenches.

And less than 12 kilometers from here, Taiwan controls Taiping Island. It`s a little more than a runway with a medical clinic, but it helpsjustify Taiwan`s claim to the region.

The dispute also spills out into the seas themselves. Anyone crossing these waters might run into Chinese military ships on drills. U.S. Navyboats conducting freedom of navigation operations, or fishermen from Vietnam, China, or the Philippines. A lot of traffic intention that hasraised fears that this contested body of water could become a flash point between competing nations.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: And it`s just one of several international challenges that the next U.S. president will have to deal with. The election is on November 8th.

Whoever wins will take office on January 20th. And we`ve been running a series that explores the controversies, the conflicts and the concernassociated with other world powers.

Today`s report centers on Russia. In recent years, its relations with the U.S. have sunk to their lowest points since the Cold War. Part of thereason what the U.S. president calls "gaps of trust" between the two governments.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

MATTHEW CHANCE, CNN SENIOR INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENT: There are a number of reasons why Russia could be the biggest headache for the next U.S.president. Russia has spent billions, strengthening its armed forces. Vladimir Putin is challenging the U.S. in the skies and on the high seas,propping up the Syria regime of Bashar al-Assad with devastating air power, tipping the military balance against U.S.-backed rebels.

Putin also continues to support breakaway rebels in Eastern Ukraine, which is fueling instability on the edge of Europe. There will be peace deals tobroker and sanctions to enforce if the next U.S. president is to tame the Russian bear.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: Part of the U.S. president`s job, according to Article II Section II of the Constitution is to be the commander in chief of America`s armedforces. And it`s not every day that members of the military get to question their commander in chief about his policies.

That`s what happened in a CNN town hall Wednesday night. U.S. veterans and active duty members of the U.S. military got to ask President Obama aboutcontroversial subjects. For instance, a recent scandal involving thousands of veterans who couldn`t get timely health care, women serving in combatroles, why the president won`t use the term "Islamic terrorism".

Here`s an overview of some of his responses.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

SUBTITLE: The CNN Presidential Town Hall in under two minutes.

BARACK OBAMA, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES: Thank you. Thank you so much.

I will bring in critics of my policy to find out, OK, you don`t think this is the right way to go. You tell me what it is that you think would allowus to prevent the civil war that`s taking place in Syria.

Just sending in more troops is not going to be the answer.

I don`t want to in any way sugarcoat the fact that there have been significant problems in the V.A. that have accumulated over decades.

QUESTION: How do you feel about those NFL players choosing this typically respected time to voice their opinions?

OBAMA: We fight sometimes so that people can do things that we disagree with. We can voice our opinion objecting to it, but it`s also their right.

I want Mr. Kaepernick and others who are on a knee, I want them to listen to the pain that that may cause.

The truth of the matter is, is that this is an issue that has been sort of manufactured. They have perverted and distorted and tried to claim the mantle of Islam for an excuse for basically barbarism.

QUESTION: What would you say, and what advice would you give, to Malia and Sasha, if they approached you and expressed interest in serving in ourmilitary?

OBAMA: I`d say go for it.

I`d be lying if I said I wouldn`t sometimes get nervous about possible deployments. You know, your kids are your kids.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: Some might say it`s kind of rude if you`re in New York Central Park, all dressed up for your wedding, and some dude who just happens to bejogging nearby stops to photo-bomb you.

But this couple didn`t seem to mind too much. The jogger just said, "Hi, I`m Tom Hanks," and proceeded to congratulate them.

The Oscar-winning actor posed for pictures with the happy couple and even took a selfie of his own before continuing his jog.

It certainly didn`t seem to sully the pictures, those wouldn`t be cast away from the album. Think about it, they got their picture taken with CaptainPhillips, Captain Gump, Captain Sullenberger, Captain Miller and Captain Lovell. You can say the photos made a big splash that they were in a

league of their own. Guess if you`re in Central Park, on a dragnet for a picture with a man with one red shoe, you`ll just have to catch him if youcan.

I`m Carl Azuz for CNN STUDENT NEWS, where Fridays are awesome.