CNN 10 February 13, 2017

CARL AZUZ, CNN 10 ANCHOR: Hey, thanks for watching CNN 10. We hope your week is off to a good start and that it just gets better. I'm Carl Azuz.

For the first time since U.S. President Donald Trump took office, North Korea has test-fired a ballistic missile. And we start today by explaining why that's significant.

First, the launch. It was done on Sunday. Officials believe the weapon flew a few hundred miles before it crashed into the Sea of Japan, also known as the East Sea. It's thought to be a medium range missile, one that could potentially hit South Korea, but not the United States.

Then, there was the timing. The launch came as President Trump was hosting Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe in the U.S. Japan is an ally of both America and South Korea, and all three of those nations are considered rivals of North Korea. So, analysts say the North was trying to send a warning to Japan not to get too friendly with the new American president.

Prime Minister Abe called the launch intolerable and he told North Korea to abide by international law that it stop testing missiles. And President Trump said the U.S. stands by Japan 100 percent.

Why does North Korea test-fire missiles? Experts say it's partly to see how far the weapons can fly and what they're capable of. But also, to send a message, to remind other countries that North Korea has these things and they get media attention from around the world.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

CHRISTIANE AMANPOUR, CNN CHIEF INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENT: We don't know where the Trump administration will place North Korea nukes on its list of priorities. But one thing is for sure, that in seven or eight years, North Korea has made lifts and bounds in terms of its nuclear capability and I'm talking about nuclear weapons.

SUBTITLE: What next for Trump and North Korea?

AMANPOUR: What is most, most troubling for the United States is that North Korea is working on long-range intercontinental ballistic missiles that would be able to reach the United States and that would, once there's a militarized warhead, be able to carry a nuclear payload as far as the United States.

This is an existential problem for the United States unlike any other that exists in the world today.

We went to see the North Korean plutonium processing plant. Its only nuclear plant that was known to the world, back in 2008 at Yongbyon.

It has taken at least nine years to get this visa.

What we saw there under the Bush administration efforts to close down that plant, to restrict their nuclear weapons and nuclear program.

How many fuel rods are in the pond now?

UNIDENTIFIED MALE (through translator): About 1,600.

AMANPOUR: And then we went back, a few months later, to watch the cooling tower be blown up as a physical demonstration of pulling back on their nuclear program. Everything has changed in the years since then.

How will the president deal with it? What are the options?

War is not an option, according to all the analysts. You're talking nuclear war if war becomes the option.

So far, of course, diplomacy hasn't worked, at least not enough.

U.S. relies on China to try to do its North Korean bidding. China will have to be convinced by the United States that it will, the U.S., allow as part of negotiations, the Kim dynasty to survive. That is the most important thing to the Kim dynasty, and for China, it wants that as well because it doesn't want to see destabilization in the whole millions of millions of North Koreans fleeing into China if the whole thing falls apart.

And so, it's going to take some very creative, out of the box diplomacy that there will be no question of regime change, and therefore the best one could hope for is some really robust arms control agreement.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: Explaining some new developments now concerning a controversial executive order on refugees and immigrants entering the U.S. Part of President Trump's order tried to put a temporary 90-day ban on refugees from six countries and an indefinite ban on refugees from Syria. These weren't considered countries of concern by former President Obama. He placed limited restrictions on some travelers to these nations to address the threat of terrorism.

President Trump's order was broader though. He argued that a temporary ban on refugees from these countries would help keep terrorists from entering America. But the ban was blocked by a lower court and last Thursday, a federal appeals court upheld that decision. That means the order would stay blocked and that people from the affected countries could continue to enter America.

How did the court reach this decision?

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

LAURA JARRETT, CNN JUSTICE CORRESPONDENT: The judges rejected each and every one of the arguments the Justice Department used to try to justify a reinstatement of the ban, saying the government failed to prove why the travel ban was necessary as an urgent national security the matter.

The judges wrote that "the government has pointed to no evidence that any alien from any of the countries named in the order has perpetrated a terrorist attack in the United States. Rather than present evidence to explain the need for the executive order, the government has taken the position that we must not review its decision at all. We disagree", the court wrote.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: It's not the first time an appeals court ruled against the government on the issue of immigration. An executive action by the Obama administration concerning millions who were in the U.S. illegally was also rejected.

The Trump administration says it doesn't plan to immediately appeal its case to the Supreme Court. It may change its executive order or issue a new one altogether.

(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ (voice-over): Ten-second trivia:

Which of these animals has the longest gestation period?

White shark, polar bear, sea lion or stingray?

The gestation period for white sharks is believed to be 12 months or more, the longest time period on this list.

(END VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ: We say "believed to be" because the white shark or the great white is pretty mysterious to scientists. They're generally solitary animals. They're found all over the world but in large numbers. Their relatively long gestation period could be part of the reason why conservationists call them vulnerable, meaning they face a high risk of going extinct in the wild.

Although great whites are apex predators who will eat just about anything, those who study them say they should be respected but not hunted.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

CHRIS FALLOWS, WILDLIFE PHOTOGRAPHER: Every time I see one around the boat I still get that little buzz.

You know, whether it's fear, whether it's love, whether it's hate, it's their size, it's what they're capable off.

SUBTITLE: The Great White.

FALLOWS: Ever since I saw my first great white shark, it stayed with me for the rest of my life.

I've been working with them for 25 years.

To be in the water with a great white shark is an absolutely awesome experience.

SUBTITLE: Chris Fallows is a renowned wildlife photographer and a great white shark expert.

FALLOWS: When you get into the water, you're not just going into their world, you're going -- and not only going to their world, you're having them accommodate you in their world and that's the difference. We really need to do as much as we can to conserve them.

JAMES WILLIAMS, CNN CORRESPONDENT: Are they at risk of extinction?

FALLOWS: Absolutely. You know, it's not just shark nets that are killing them. They're killed as by-catch and most sadly and I think most wastefully, they're killed for just their fins.

It's not an enemy. And I think more and more people are beginning to realize this.

SUBTITLE: Chris Fallows gives cage driving tours in South Africa. Cage diving can be seen as controversial. Chris Fallows sees it differently.

FALLOWS: If these boats were having a negative effect on them, and conditioning them, they wouldn't have a seasonality, because nobody wants to see these sharks harmed.

To be in the same environment as an animal tht could catch, kill and consume you as quickly as that if it wanted to and to have it tolerate you is amazingly humbling.

SUBTITLE: The great white shark is currently protected in Australia, Israel, Malta, Namibia, New Zealand, South Africa and the United States.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: Sticking with an animal them for "10 Out of 10" today, well, you're just going to have to love these tiger cubs. They are three Malayan tigers, a critically endangered species. They were born a little over a week ago at the Cincinnati Zoo. But their mother wasn't taking care of them, so zoo officials put them in the nursery to help them survive.

The zoo's plan is to eventually bread these animals to help insure the continuation of the species.

It sounds like a tig-great idea and just looking at them breeds oohs and aahs. But for right now, they just do some ma-playin' and some ma-layin' around. But soon, they'll show their stripes in the zoo's tiger exhibit which should introduce them to good habitats.

I'm Carl Azuz for CNN 10.

CNN 10 February 10, 2017

CARL AZUZ, CNN 10 ANCHOR: Hey. I'm Carl Azuz for CNN 10. And Fridays are awesome -- unless you're in the U.S. Northeast and you hate snow.

The region is dealing with the affects of what could be the most significant storm of this winter. When the snow emergency is declared in places like Boston, Massachusetts, you know the weather is bad. Blizzard conditions, whiteouts, more than 1,600 flight cancellations, the closure of the largest school district in the United States, and the warnings to people not to leave their homes except in an emergency. This is all because of a storm system that's affected more than 60 million people in some way. That's roughly one-fifth of America's population.

It came on suddenly. Wednesday's temperature at New York's John F. Kennedy International Airport was 65 degrees Fahrenheit. Yesterday, it was 25, sinking to a low of 18 overnight, and it came with snow.

Forecasters predicted eight to 12 inches in New York, with wind gusts of 50 miles per hour. Boston was expected to get 12 to 15 inches of snow.

And yesterday, in Massachusetts and Connecticut -- thundersnow. Pretty unusual event when a winter snowfall brings the thunder.

The system was moving out of New York by last night, but it was expected to impact Boston through the weekend. National Weather Service doesn't expect the temperature there to get above freezing until Sunday.

Despite the storm's location, though, and despite its affects, it moved from west to east, from land to sea. It's not technically a nor'easter, though some folks were calling it that.

What exactly is the difference?

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

JENNIFER GRAY, AMS METEOROLOGIST: A nor'easter occurs within the most crowded coast line of the United States, the Northeast, and they can occur any time of year but are most common between the months of September and April. That's when weather conditions are primed for a nor'easter.

You start with a low. It's going to travel from the Southeast to the Northeast and intensify. Nor'easters are strongest around New England as well as the Canadian Maritime Provinces.

Now, we have very warm water in the Gulf of Mexico and all around the coast of Florida, it's going to warm the air above it and that warm air is going to clash with very cold air coming from the north. Now, nor'easters carry winds out of the Northeast at about 58 miles per hour or more. And keep in mind, the win direction out of the Northeast is what defines a nor'easter.

It's also going to cause beach erosion, as well as coastal flooding and very, very rough ocean conditions.

Now, not all nor'easter have snow, but some of the most memorable ones have dumped lots of it.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: Feeding a growing population, the price and availability of land, government rules and regulations, international trade laws -- these are a few of the challenges faced by farmers worldwide, and they're on top of the every day demands of producing a successful crop and making a living from it.

They have a new tool that can help, though -- crowdsourcing, getting information usually through the Internet from other farmers who faced and overcome specific problems.

What about those farmers who don't have Internet access?

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

REPORTER: What if you could stop global food shortages with this?

Seventy percent of the world's food comes from small isolated farms that are an average only two acres. About 0.8 hectares, like Darrell's farm in Kenya. If farmers like Darrell didn't produce food, the world wouldn't eat.

So, what happens when Darrell, who's only been farming for a few years finds out his crop is mysteriously dying?

DARRELL KITHEKA, FARMER: There came a disease. It came from nowhere. And nobody knew about it.

REPORTER: That's where an emerging social network that connects rural farmers with no Internet access comes in. WeFarm, a London-based startup that's recently raised $1.6 million in seed funding, works on a simple premise. Have a problem? Send a text that goes out to 120,000 other farmers and crowdsource the answer.

That's exactly what Darrell did when worms got into his tomato crop.

KITHEKA: Luckily, whoever got that question, it is like God, who worked there. He gave an answer, as if he was in my mind.

REPORTER: The solution, a pesticide that killed the worms and saved his tomatoes.

At its roots, farming is about generational knowledge. Your mom was a farmer and her dad was a farmer and so on. But in millions of small isolated farms, that knowledge only goes as far as you walk.

Now, these farmers have a global community to lean.

MWINYI BWIKA, HEAD OF USER ACQUISION, WEFARM KENYA: Our first function is to connect all the farmers, and insure that they able to tap into this generational knowledge.

REPORTER: The network has already answered over 280,000 questions and shared 18 million pieces of information.

BWIKA: It's not just about sharing the challenges that they're having. They're also sharing the winds that they get on a day to day basis.

REPORTER: Basically, the more successful the farmer, the more land he can buy and the more crops the can grow for the world.

KITHEKA: The farming, it's in my blood. Hopefully, I think it will -- it's going to take me somewhere.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: Coming Monday, full coverage of a U.S. federal appeals court ruling concerning President Donald Trump's executive order on refugees and immigrants. We'll bring you a complete explanation and reactions from both sides on CNN 10.

(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ (voice-over): Ten-second trivia:

Research into the structure of DNA made scientist(s) famous?

Thomas Edition and Nikola Tesla, Louis Pasteur, Marie Curie, or James Watson and Francis Crick?

In 1953, it was Watson and Crick who described the structure of DNA as a double helix.

(END VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ: You hear a lot about DNA evidence used in crime investigations. And when people are accused of crimes in the U.S., they have rights under criminal due process. That's not the case with dogs. A legal expert says they're considered property. So, DNA testing when an animal is accused of killing another one isn't part of their legal process.

Still, the owners of Jeb, a service dog that helps care for an elderly man in Michigan, spent $416 to obtain DNA evidence and prove Jeb's innocence when he was found standing over the body of a neighbor's dog. The rest is now canine court room history.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

ELIZABETH COHEN, CNN SENIOR MEDICAL CORRESPONDENT: Jeb, you were accused of a very serious crime. Did you do it?

SUBTITLE: DNA saves dog from death row.

Jeb, a service dog, was accused of killing a neighbor's dog.

COHEN: When you heard Jeb killed another dog, what went through your head?

PEGGY JOB, JEB'S OWNER: No, Jeb didn't do it.

SUBTITLE: The neighbor took Jeb's owners to court.

COHEN: At the end of the trial, what was the judge's order?

JOB: That Jeb needs to be put down because he's a dangerous dog. He had his mind made up that that dog needs to die.

SUBTITLE: To prove Jeb's innocence, his owners swabbed his mouth for a sample of his DNA.

Then a lab checked to see if Jeb's DNA was in the deceased dog's wounds.

COHEN: When it came back, what did it say?

JOB: It said that Jeb did not kill the dog. His DNA was nowhere on any of the samples.

SUBTITLE: After the judge learned about the DNA results, Jeb was returned to his owners.

COHEN: If you had not gotten that DNA, would Jeb have been killed?

JOB: Yes, certainly would. There was no question about it.

COHEN: How did your husband respond when Jeb came home?

JOB: He was in shock. He cried.

COHEN: Ooh. So happy.

JOBS: He was so happy.

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: You're a good doggy.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: Well, they say that no two of these things are exactly alike and these pictures prove it. At least in the close-up snowflakes captured by this CNN iReporter.

He says the pictures were taken by a smartphone with a lens attachment. They are particles that fell out of the Ohio winter sky and stuck to the windshield of a parked car.

The photographer says he's been taking pictures like this for three years. And though some people might ask why, to us, it's crystal clear. Seeing snow chilling on his car precipitated the idea and he probably thought to himself, lattice take a closer look. As a matter of fractal, who'd want to flake out on a chance to branch out and capture some frozen flake-tography. Like these puns themselves, the pictures just kind of snowball.

I'm Carl Azuz, hoping you have a great weekend a sled of you.