CNN 10 February 23, 2017

CARL AZUZ, CNN 10 ANCHOR: Kicking off 10 minutes of international news, I'm Carl Azuz. Welcome to CNN 10.

First story this Thursday, a clash in the European nation of Sweden. Riots broke out one night earlier this week in the neighborhood of the capital Stockholm.

A regional police chief says the violence might have been triggered by increased police pressure on criminals in the area. The neighborhood of Rinkeby is known for having high levels of unemployment. It's also known for having a high immigrant population.

Before the riots broke, U.S. President Donald Trump suggested that immigrants in Sweden were responsible for an increase in crime across the country. Some Swedes praised President Trump for drawing attention to the issue. Some said there is no issue, that a recent increase in immigrants has not made Sweden less safe.

The country has accepted more refugees per capita than any other European nation. So, the debate is raging, even though the violence has calmed.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

IVAN WATSON, CNN SENIOR INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): Mattias Karlsson is a leader in the right wing Sweden Democrats, the third largest party in parliament.

MATTIAS KARLSSON, SWEDEN DEMOCRAT PARTY: I think Sweden is a good example to put forward as a bad example. If you don't control the borders, if you have an irresponsible refugee policy, you will get problems and we have serious problems here in Sweden.

WATSON (on camera): Is it a -- is it a crisis here?

KARLSSON: Yes, I would describe it as a crisis. We have seen serious problems with law and order.

WATSON (voice-over): As evidence, Karlsson points to a riot that erupted in the Stockholm suburb of Rinkeby Monday night.

A police spokesman says officers fired at least two shots when dozens of rioters attacked police officers during the arrest of a crime suspect. Ten cars were torched in the unrest and one police officer suffered a bruise to the arm from a thrown object.

Hours later, the scene in this largely immigrant community looked very different.

(on camera): This is the center of Rinkeby. Now that we're here, I'm going to be honest, s a first time visitor, it's hard to believe that less than 24 hours ago, this was a scene of a full blown riot.

(voice-over): More than a dozen police officers deployed in the central square. Several shop windows were smashed, but families with small children appeared to be going about their business as usual.

(on camera): Is Sweden in crisis right now?

MAGNUS RANSTORP, COUNTER TERRORISM EXPERT: No, it's not at all in crisis. Look around. I mean, very calm, very quiet. Of course, isolated incidences that happened. But police are dealing with them.

WATSON (voice-over): Magnus Ranstorp is a counterterrorism expert at the Swedish National Defense College.

RANSTORP: I'm not denying that there are integration issues. But what I think is wrong to do is to conflate immigration, crime and terrorism, because those linkages are not that strong.

WATSON: During the peak of the European migrant crisis of 2015, more than 160,000 new arrivals crossed Sweden's borders. Sweden has since tightened border controls, reducing the flow of migrants by imposing temporary passport checks at the border.

In a four-year period when Sweden granted asylum to more than 100,000 refugees, crime grew by 7 percent. Meanwhile, state figures show the Muslim immigrant community in Sweden is increasingly under attack.

Like much of the rest of Europe, this Scandinavian country is grappling with immigration, assimilation and the threat of Islamic extremist terrorism, very complicated challenges at the heart of a growing global political debate.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: Yesterday, astronomers announced that they've discovered seven Earth-sized planets all orbiting the same star. The findings were published in a journal "Nature". NASA says this is a record number of these kinds of planets orbiting this kind of star. It also believes that three of the planets are in what's called the habitable zone. Scientists define that as the space around the star where a planet is most likely to have water.

This isn't exactly in our neighborhood. They say the star is 40 light years away and it'd take a human spacecraft millions of years to get there.

So, how did researchers identify planet at that distance? Well, examining stars with the telescope based in Chile, they saw shadows occasionally interrupting the star light. They say that these shadows indicated that planets were passing between the telescope and the star, like eclipses. What they're hoping to do in the future is determine the planet's atmosphere and whether they really have liquid water.

(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ (voice-over): Ten-second trivia:

Where would you find the world's deepest blue hole, a sinkhole filled with water?

Lake Okeechobee, Atlantic Ocean, Arctic Ocean, or South China Sea?

Researchers say the world's deepest blue hole which sinks almost a thousand feet deep is located in the South China Sea.

(END VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ: That title used to belong to Dean's Blue Hole in the Bahamas. It's a location popular with free divers. This is like a marine extreme sport. Free divers literally take a deep breath then descend into the depths without a breathing apparatus.

It's dangerous. Free divers can get lung damage. They can black out or die from doing this. But for those willing to take the risk, their love for the sport goes well below the surface.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

JONATHAN SUNNEX, PROFESSIONAL FREE DIVER: I'd be lying if I said I've never been scared.

I've had two occasions where I sort of thought, you're not going to make it.

But as long as you keep your composure, everything seems to work out.

My name is Jonathan Sunnex. I'm 30 years old from New Zealand. We're in Long Island, in the Bahamas, at the beautiful Dean's Blue Hole. I'm a professional free diver.

Competitive free diving is where we compete to see who can swim the farthest, deepest, or hold their breath for the longest.

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Jonathan Sunnex.

SUNNEX: The current world record is 128 meters. We've achieved things that doctors once thought were impossible.

We're exploring the capabilities of the human body, pushing ourselves to see what the human body can really do.

I feel like I'm just getting started.

We couldn't design anything better. This is like the free diving Mecca. People come from all over the world. It is the place to dive.

We're here in preparation for Suunto Vertical Blue, which is one of the most freediving competitions in the world

One of the things that lured into the sport was the whole science behind it. Before I dive, I'll go through a whole preparation and that will include stretching of the body, stretching of the lungs, the diaphragm, intercostal muscles. Packing is adding extra air to your already full lungs while using the mouth as a pump.

I would estimate that I would pack at least an extra liter into my lungs. And then I'll come down to the beach. I'll visualize my dive.

While I'm still making my deepest dives, what goes through my mind is always positive thoughts, positive energy, so like a form of meditation, to very deep within yourself.

The physical sensation I get through diving, it touches in all senses. What you can see, what you can hear, or maybe even it's the lack of noise.

During dives, our heart rates drop down to below 30 beats per minute. When we're going down to deeps where we've got basically the length of a football field above us, it's not the sort of place where you want to have any sort of negative thoughts.

When I make it to the surface after a big dive, it's almost a spiritual experience.

It's quite a famous quote. A scuba diver will go on the water to look around, and a free diver would go underwater to look inside himself.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: For "10 Out of 10", waiting patiently is not a trick this dog knows. When her owner ran inside to pick up some fast food, Diamond, her name is Diamond, decided to make a little scene, barking and honking for her owner to hurry up, and she didn't just do it once. No, Diamond seemed to take a shine to the car horn and the word on the street is that she's been spotted doing this in other places around her home town in Ohio.

At least she can't get a ticket for noise pollution. We don't know why she's so doggedly a-paws her owner's absence, why she was so honked off, why she just hates to terrier. But we can say she is truly a diamond in a ruff!

I'm Carl Azuz and that is CNN 10.

CNN 10 February 22, 2017

CARL AZUZ, CNN 10 ANCHOR: The battle for Mosul is where we start today's show. I'm Carl Azuz. Thanks for watching CNN 10.

Mosul is the second largest city in the Middle Eastern nation of Iraq. It's also a stronghold of the ISIS terrorist group, which took over Mosul in 2014. Defeating ISIS here would be a major setback to the terrorist but it's not easy. There may be only a few thousand ISIS fighters left in Mosul, but they're using tunnels, roadside bombs, explosive traps and guerilla warfare in the fight.

They're up against force of tens of thousands. Iraqi troops supported by Americans and allied airpower, plus, ethnic Kurdish fighters known as the Peshmerga. They're all working to push ISIS out.

The battle for Mosul has been going on since October. It was expected to take months and it is. The reasons why are clear in the struggle to take over one key part of the city.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

NICK PATON WALSH, CNN SENIOR INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): Day four, and perhaps the biggest push yet from the north into the plains around Mosul. Trying to dislodge the determined and deranged remnants of ISIS, but the Peshmerga backed with staggering air power.

But now common sight of American special forces, who the Pentagon says are advising, not assaulting position in front of the attack. The work was slow, destructive. Begging the question, what becomes of the wreckage under new masters?

Suddenly, in the sky, a hail of bullets. They've spotted a drone. Trace rounds dance around it and finally take off its nose.

ISIS used them to spot targets for artillery, even drop small bombs. This one tumbles down. Its wreckage picked over. It's still unclear whose it is.

Yet progress down the road is Khorsabad is agonizingly slow.

(on camera): This is a source of so much of the fighting this morning, but still full of ISIS. And, in fact, we've heard that Peshmerga have listened to those militants on their radios this morning discussing how they should wait and only launch a counterattack once the Peshmerga are inside.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: So, that showed you one use of drones in warfare. You know they can be used in and for entertainment.

The package delivery company UPS, United Parcel Service, is testing out drones as deliverers. They've been used along with U.S. trucks to get packages to their addresses. The company says this would save on gas, that if every UPS driver could go one fewer mile per day, it'd save the company as much as $50 million per year.

The drone that UPS is testing could carry packages as heavy as 10 pounds. But at this point, it's not yet proven that they can do this safely. There are concerns that drones could replace jobs done by people, and using drones to deliver packages is illegal in the U.S. Experts expect that to change in the years ahead though.

UPS is just one of several companies testing and planning for drone deliveries.

(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ (voice-over): Ten-second trivia:

Which of these types of dinosaur is thought to have been the heaviest?

Triceratops, Allosaurus, Velociraptor or Iguanodon?

Of these options, Triceratops is believed to have been the heaviest dinosaur weighing between six and eight tons.

(END VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ: Scientists said a museum in Mexico had unveiled what's believed to be a new or at least newly discovered species of dinosaur. It was found in Mexico's Coahuila desert in 2007.

Its name translates to "ancient horned face". Why? Because researchers identified a small horn that distinguishes this species of dinosaur from other species.

Scientists are hoping they will find more dinosaur species native to Mexico.

One other thing about Yehuecauhceratops mudei, yes, I had to practice that, is that it's believed to be smaller than triceratops. Ancient horned face is thought to have measured around 10 feet long and weighed a third of its purported triceratops cousin's weight.

The famous book in film series "Jurassic Park" were based on the premise of taking fossilized DNA from dinosaurs and cloning it to recreate the animals. Scientists have said that real DNA doesn't actually last long enough for that to happen. But they are making strides in editing DNA, possibly to bring back a species like the woolly mammoth. There's a lot that's unknown about systems like CRISPR, what long term effects they may have if they succeed and whether they're ultimately be used for good or something else.

But they're generating a lot of excitement in the scientific community.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

RACHEL CRANE, CNN CORRESPONDENT: How cool is it that you were working on bringing back the woolly mammoth?

JOE GETSY, RESEARCH FELLOW, HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL: It's really cool. It's very uncharted scientific territory.

CRANE (voice-over): Your body contains 37.2 trillion cells. And within each is a copy of a code consisting of more than 20,000 genes and billions of strands of DNA.

This code is your genome and it determines everything that makes you -- you.

What if you could modify that code, bring back instinct species, eliminate hereditary diseases? That is precisely what molecular engineers and geneticists around the world are working on.

GEORGE CHURCH, GENETICS PROFESSOR, HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL: Genes are what we get and we're stuck with them. The environment is the only thing we can change and there's kind of a limit of how much you can do. But now, if we can change our genes, too, really, in a much closer to total control of our biology and physiology.

CRANE: George Church is one of many using a revolutionary gene-editing technique called CRISPR-Cas9, which allows you to modify DNA sequences.

CHURCH: CRISPR is a way that you can design and target a particular part of your genome and change it to something else. Or you can delete a gene. You can make all sorts of edits very precisely.

CRANE: CRISPR is kind of like having the "find, delete, replace" function for DNA.

No one actually invented the process. It happens naturally. Scientists discovered that bacteria alter their DNA to defend against viruses, essentially storing part of the virus so they can identify, target and attack the virus if it comes back.

Researchers realize the tools bacteria use to do this were Cas proteins, nature's genetic scissors. Geneticists are now using these proteins to make their own targeted changes to DNA.

(on camera): Scientists have been messing with genomes for years. So, what's the big deal with CRISPR?

CHURCH: This is dramatically different. I mean, it's like 10,000 times easier.

This can be used in agriculture where you can change any plant or animal. It can be used to eliminate invasive species.

What's most exciting about CRISPR is our ability to alter longstanding epidemics like malaria and HIV.

CRANE (voice-over): And that could potentially save millions of lives.

CHURCH: So, here we grow human cells, elephant cells. We can do cloning procedures.

CRANE: It turns out that you can make pretty big things by tweaking small strands of DNA. By making changes to the DNA of the Asian elephant, researchers in Church's lab are working to bring the woolly mammoth back to life.

CHURCH: The difference between a woolly mammoth and Asian elephant is actually quite subtle, at the DNA level.

CRANE (on camera): When am I going to see a woolly mammoth in Jurassic Park?

GETSY: Right. So, an actual full woolly mammoth I think is still a few years down the road. We can just change one gene and then the next gene. And then, soon, we have thousands of genes that are changed. The elephant cell will have the exact same DNA sequences the woolly mammoth cell.

CRANE: Paint this picture of what the future looks like as a result of CRISPR in your eyes.

CHURCH: I suppose the wildest description would be that you have some 150-year-old people that look like they're 20-year-old riding on a mammoth. It's wilder.

CRANE (voice-over): But CRISPR is not without controversy. If you can make a mammoth, consider what you can do with a person's DNA.

This past year, for the first time, scientists in China used CRISPR in an unsuccessful attempt to edit the genomes of human embryos.

(on camera): People fear that CRISPR could lead to designer babies. How do we prevent that from happening?

CHURCH: We shouldn't be playing. We should be engineering. And I think that's what we are doing.

CRANE: Where do you think the moral and ethical boundary is?

CHURCH: Safety. I think safety is number one. Just like any getting new technology and new drug, we should try to make it as safe as possible.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: At first, this clip brings up a lot of questions.

"Why?" is one of them. Another is "What's up with that penny-farthing in the background?"

We can answer only the most important. This is a Guinness World Record attempt for most finger snaps in a minute. And though this Japanese college student slows down at the end, he still snapped his way into the record books with 296 snaps, almost five per second.

So, maybe snapping the record wasn't exactly a -- even if it was. But if you thumb through the index of finger-snapping history, he wasn't anywhere near the middle. Champion has a nice ring to it and can't be belittled. So, put your hands together for a digital display of excellence counted on one hand.

I'm Carl Azuz for CNN.

CNN 10 February 21, 2017

ANNOUNCER: Five, four, three, two, one -- ignition. And lift off --

(END VIDEO CLIP)

CARL AZUZ, CNN 10 ANCHOR: The Falcon 9 rocket getting off the ground on Sunday. And they say what goes up must come down, so we'll show you that in detail too this Tuesday on CNN 10.

Hi, everyone. I'm Carl Azuz. It's good to have you aboard.

We're starting the show in the African country of South Sudan. It's considered or youngest nation on Earth. It's got its independence from Sudan in 2011 and it has struggled.

According to the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, less than a third of South Sudan's population can read and write. Half the people there live below the poverty line.

Years of warfare and having to live their homes meant that many of South Sudan's adults missed out on school and some experts are saying that the nation's ethnic tensions are threatening to stir up genocide, the mass murder of a racial or a cultural group. Why?

Observers say militias based on people's ethnicity are arming up and squaring off. They say there's been an increase in hate speech. South Sudan's government has been accused of destroying villages and armed groups have reportedly been attacking civilians.

Hundreds of thousands of South Sudanese have fled to neighboring countries since 2013, and though tens of thousands of United Nations peacekeepers are in the country, they have still been repeated flare-ups of violence.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

DAVID MCKENZIE, CNN CORRESPONDENT: Violence is raging in the world's newest country. Hundreds are feared dead in Juba, the capital of South Sudan. Many have fled the city. Others are hunkering down, trying to stay safe.

It looks like it could go from bad to worse.

But what exactly is going on?

Here is a breakdown.

SUBTITLE: South Sudan: How we got here.

South Sudan is a nation in East Africa and turned five years old earlier in July. The country broke away from Sudan in 2011 after decades of epic and political conflict. South Sudan's president is this man, Salva Kiir, and this is his long time rival and vice president, Riek Machar.

Civil war broke out in 2013 after the president accused the vice president of an attempted coup. Machar was sacked and forces loyal to each side began fighting.

The conflict also has a strong ethnic dimension. You see Kiir is a Dinka. That is the largest ethnic group in South Sudan. And Machar is a Nuer. And traditionally, Dinka and Nuer are rivals in the country.

The war killed more than 50,000 people and displaced more than two million, about one in six people.

A peace deal signed last year meant Machar coming back to his post, which has only been in for a few months, and forces loyal to him have been stationed in Juba. And with heavily armed troops backing the rivals, it was almost inevitable that there will be a blowup.

Now the fear is, is that South Sudan, the youngest country on earth, will slide back to war and chaos, and civilians are often the worst hit.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: Turning now to the Middle East.

We mentioned something called a two-state solution last week, when U.S. President Donald Trump hosted Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu at the White House. The U.S. and Israel are allies and for decades, American leaders have promoted peace between Israelis and Palestinians, with one major part of that being a proposed two-state solution.

President Trump suggested he was open to a two-state or one-state solution, saying he likes the one that both parties like. But the next day, the U.S. ambassador to the United Nations said the Trump administration is absolutely committed to a two-state solution. This is all significant, because analysts say Palestinians aren't likely to agree to a proposal that doesn't give them their own state, their own country.

But why is a solution on its own so hard to find?

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

SUBTITLE: Israel, Palestine: A two-state solution?

OREN LIEBERMANN, CNN CORRESPONDENT: The idea behind a two-state solution is an Israeli state next to a Palestinian state. Two states living side by side in peace and security. It's been the goal of virtually the entire international community for decades.

So, why hasn't it happened yet? Well, both sides blame each other.

But at the center of a two-state solution are some very sensitive and very complex issues. One of those issues is Jerusalem. Both sides claim all or part of the holy city as their capital.

But there are also more issues. Borders, where would you draw the line between an Israeli state and a Palestinian state? Settlements, what would you do with Israeli settlements in the West Bank? And refugees, what happens to the Palestinian refugees?

All of these are very sensitive issues that need to be discussed before a final two-state solution can be recognized.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: More than a third of California's population, we're talking over 14 million, were under some sort of flood watch or warning yesterday. In Sacramento, the National Weather Service advised residents to have a go bag ready in case they had to evacuate quickly. In some areas, residents had to be evacuated by vote.

This is all because of a strong Pacific storm expected to bring howling winds and snow to the mountains of central and northern California. That's an area that's already been drenched by weeks of rain. And some of those who have evacuated had had to deal not only with the flooding, but also with the threats of rock and mudslides, which blocked roads in some places. Water levels are high in creeks and rivers. More pressure is expected on dams and levees.

Officials are also keeping an eye on Oroville Dam, which we told you about last week. Erosion in its spillways threatened cities that are miles downstream, with possible flash flooding.

(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ (voice-over): Ten-second trivia:

Which of the following travels about five miles every second?

Light, a cold front, sound, or the International Space Station?

Traveling at more than 17,000 miles per hour, the ISS covers almost five miles a second, orbiting the earth every hour and a half.

(END VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ: That's part of the reason why it will take two days for a spacecraft that was launched on Sunday to reach the ISS. A Falcon 9 rocket carried it into the sky. It was designed by SpaceX to be a reusable vehicle.

And after doing its job, the Falcon 9 did return smoothly to a launch pad at Kennedy's space center in Florida. SpaceX is trying to perfect this technique to save money on rockets in the future.

It hasn't always gone this well. Last September, a Falcon 9 hadn't even gotten off the ground when it exploded. Much better start for the current mission.

SpaceX is a private company but it has a $1.6 billion contract from NASA. It's sending multiple missions to the ISS to deliver cargo and experiments, and to bring the ISS's garbage back to Earth.

One of the experiments on board right now is MRSA, a dangerous bacteria that scientists are hoping to study in the ISS's microgravity environment. Not all scientists agree that this kind of research is worthwhile. But they are constantly hunting for a cure for superbugs.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

ELIZABETH COHEN, CNN SENIOR MEDICAL CORRESPONDENT: Antibiotics are one of the miracles of modern medicine. They have saved countless lives. But there's another side to them.

The bacteria that live in our body, they've learned how to outwit many of our most powerful antibiotics. These drug resistant bacteria are called superbugs. Every year, these superbugs infect more than 2 million people in the United States and kill at least 23,000.

Here's how a bug becomes a superbug. When you take in antibiotic, there could be some bacteria that know how to resist that antibiotic. Well, those smart bacteria, they're the ones that survived your round of antibiotics and they flourish. And that's when you get a proliferation of superbugs.

And the more that we as a community take antibiotics, the more chances the bacteria have

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: For "10 Out of 10", she's affectionately known as Kung Fu Grandma. And the reason is obvious. At 94 years old, Zhang Hexian has been practicing the martial arts since her father started teaching here at age four.

Nine decades later, she's not just skilled with hands and feet, her son says she works out every morning, and while Kung Fu helped her challenge bullies when she was younger, it's her willingness to help others today that's one secret to her longevity.

Still seems pretty Kung Fu-rmidable. You can call her punchy. You can say she gets a kick out of exercise. It's clear she's made self-defense a martial art form, though her source of inspiration seems to be all fu-ism (ph).

I'm Carl A-fuz for CNN 10. Hope to see you Wednesday.