CNN 10 - March 29 2017

CARL AZUZ, CNN 10 ANCHOR: I`m Carl Azuz. Thank you for taking 10 for CNN 10.

We`re starting with the sweeping executive order by U.S. President Donald Trump. It reflects a very different governmental approach concerning the environment than the one by former President Barack Obama. He addressed what he characterized as a bipartisan challenge in 2013.

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BARACK OBAMA, FORMER U.S. PRESIDENT: And this is my plan to meet it -- a plan that cut carbon pollution, a plan to protect our country from the impacts of climate change and a plan to lead the world in a coordinated assault on a changing climate.

(END VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ: But the rules he put in place in order to do that are seen as a threat to the economy by President Trump. The order he signed yesterday did away with many of those rules.

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DONALD TRUMP, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES: With today`s executive action, I am taking historic steps to lift the restrictions on American energy, to reverse government intrusion and to cancel job-killing regulations.

(APPLAUSE)

(END VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ: The White House says climate change is an issue that deserves attention, but that it can both protect the environment and provide more jobs. President Trump says his order will bring back jobs in the fossil fuel industry. But some environmental advocates say the new rules will endanger the environment and Americans health and that the order will harm clean energy jobs at the expense of allowing polluters to profit.

Some of the new rules like allowing leases for coal-mining on government land will take effect right away. Others open the door for more changes down the road.

At least $87 million have been set aside for the city of Flint, Michigan. It will go toward replacing Flint`s water pipes. The old ones are made of iron and lead and that contributed to a major problem that started in 2014 when to save money, the state of Michigan switched Flint`s water supply from Lake Huron to the Flint River. The river water was more corrosive and it wasn`t treated properly, so it ate into the old pipes and brought lead to the city`s residents, some of whom suffered health problems after this happened.

The water supply has since been switched back to Lake Huron and the $87 million settlement resolves just one of the civil lawsuits that have been filed against state and city officials. Some see it as a victory for the residents. Others say it`s not enough and they`re moving out, if they haven`t already.

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DOMINIQUE ABSELL, HIGH SCHOOL SENIOR: Because I wanted to serve my country and -- 

SARA SIDNER, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): Dominique Absell is only 18, but his life-long dream for his future is dead.

ABSELL: That was my dream to get to the Army and now I can`t -- 

SIDNER: The city he loves is now a source of anxiety, partly because of the water crisis and what has happened to his body since. 

ABSELL: I start like getting headaches and passing out, seizures. 

SIDNER: His family says doctors can`t point exactly why he began blacking out, sometimes several times a week. It means medically he can`t qualify for the Army. He isn`t even allowed to drive. His blood tests show very low levels of lead, convincing his mother the contaminants in Flint`s water are to blame, but there`s no medical proof. 

SIDNER (on camera): You said you don`t know if it`s the water. What do you think it is?

BEVERLY DAVIS, MOTHER: It has to be the water. He just stopped passing out because I just stopped cooking with the water. 

SIDNER (voice-over): Absell is one of the children who will inherit the city of Flint, a city that is now a shell of its former self. RealtyTrac estimates one in 14 homes has been abandoned. For three consecutive years ending in 2013, Flint has had the most violent crimes per capita and about 40 percent of the residents live beneath the poverty line. 

Then came the decision by government officials to save money by switching the water supply. It end up creating a major health hazard. The biggest potential harm -- hitting Flint`s future generations, like 8-year-olds Julian (ph) and Nadia who play like children but speak in extremes about the water. 

SIDNER (on camera): What`s wrong with the water?

NADIA BAYLOR, 8-YEAR-OLD: They have lead in it and they have poison in it because the pipes are dirty. 

SIDNER: Do you know what lead does to people who drink lead?

UNIDENTIFIED BOY: Kill people. 

SIDNER: At eight, they notice everything, like the number of times they`ve had to practice sheltering in place in case there`s a shooter, and the number of boarded up houses in their neighborhood. If it was up to them, their future won`t be in Flint. 

And what about you? Why would you leave Flint?

BAYLOR: Because this water is poisonous and if I drink it, I go die. And I don`t want to die. Nobody want to die. 

SIDNER (voice-over): From eight to 18, many of Flint`s children and their families worry the town is dying. The burly, soft hearted young man beside himself because he truly believes he has no future at all. 

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: Yesterday, the Dow Jones Industrial Average, an index of 30 significant U.S. stocks rose 151 points and broke an eight-day losing streak. It`s been six years since it had one of those. The market did not lose a lot of value. It dropped a little relatively speaking each day. 

But when a Republican plan to replace Obamacare fell through last week, investors got worried that President Trump could have a hard time getting his economic plans through Congress.

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CHRISTINE ROMANS, CNN CORRESPONDENT: You have to have perspective when you look at stock prices. So, these eight days of losses have been the longest since 2011, but look at how far the market has come since the election. You`ve seen about 2,300 points on the Dow Jones Industrial Average since 

Election Day. The NASDAQ has done very, very well. The S&P 500 up about 9 percent. 

So, all of this, again, the only story in the markets is Washington, Trump`s legislative agenda, a pro-growth legislative agenda, many on Wall Street are hoping for, and if that doesn`t look like it`s going to start rolling out quickly, then I think you have a stall here in the markets. 

That`s what we`ve seen over the last week or so.

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(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ (voice-over): Ten-second trivia:

A fluid that changes its behavior when it`s stressed is described as what? 

Laminar, Newtonian, Non-Newtonian or Transonic.

If a fluid is Non-Newtonian, it behaves differently under stress than it does under normal circumstances.

(END VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ: Two examples of Non-Newtonian fluids, according to Science Learning Hub, include cream, when you whip it, it gets thicker, and tomato sauce, when you shake or stir it, it gets runnier. 

There`s a gel called D3O that also behaves in a Non-Newtonian way. Handle it slowly and it stretches out like taffy but hit it with a hammers and it seems to harden and absorb shock. It`s been around since 1999. Sprinter Usain Bolt has worn it in his shoes and its developers hope it can be used to protect military troops and football players.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

SUBTITLE: The average impact speed of football player is 25mph. Forty percent of NFL player suffers from brain injuries like concussions. 

But this orange good could change that.

FELICITY BOYCE, MATERIAL DEVELOPER: It`s quite widely known as the goo.

DR. FLORIA ANTOLINI, CHIEF KNOWLEDGE OFFICER: It`s quite a (INAUDIBLE) experimentation.

BOYCE: Messy, sticky.

ANTOLINI: It behaves in a different way.

BOYCE: So, this is a non-Newtonian material. So, that means that when you knead it slowly, it`s very fluid and can flow very slowly, like a liquid. 

But when a stress is applied to it, so something like an impact, the material instantly more viscous. So, yes, it`s more like a solid. 

Obviously, you could just use this inside of protection by (INAUDIBLE). That`s the clever part, is incorporating this into something that can be used as a product.

SUBTITLE: D30 develops new protective material for athletes and the military. They can mould the goo into almost any shape.

ANTOLINI: In sports, one example is helmet for American football, as to try to reduce the risk of concussions. 

We have developed this particular material. It`s extremely softer. It has to be very comfortable when the athletes that put the helmet on. It has to work very well in decelerating the back when bump against each other.

SUBTITLE: D30 claims it can reduce blunt impact force by 53 percent compared to materials like foam.

ANTOLINI: We can definitely contribute toward protecting people, so they experience less injuries.

BOYCE: It`s good to think that we could be doing our part to help.

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AZUZ: To two truths about cats. One, most of them can swim if they`re feline like it. Two, most don`t like water. 

And again, Ferrill (ph) isn`t your typical cat. This unusual animal apparently loves the water so much his family takes him to the beach. And it`s not just the way he seems to enjoy. Ferrill is at home on the sand, in the sun, he even seems willing to help when his companions come out of the water and get to work on construction.

See? He likes building sand cat-stles. I bet he`d like to go catboarding, maybe catoboarding (ph), play catoball (ph). You can take him fishing. 

For a cat who loves the beach, there are endless forms of ameowsment.

I`m Carl Azuz for CNN 10.

CNN 10 - March 28 2017

CARL AZUZ, CNN 10 ANCHOR: Article 50 is story number one on CNN 10 today. I`m Carl Azuz. It`s good to have you watching.

We`re talking about the Brexit, the British exit from the European Union. The E.U. has been around for decades. It`s a political and economic partnership of 28 European Countries. Last June, Britain`s voted 51.9 percent to 48.1 percent to separate from the E.U., potentially leaving 27 countries in it. 

One major issue in Britain`s decision was immigration. A majority of voters wanted Britain itself, not the E.U., to set British immigration rules. Another issue was the economy. Those who wanted to leave felt that Britain could do better business without European Union rules. 

Britain was and is deeply divided over the vote. But the nation`s prime minister, Theresa May, has said Brexit means Brexit. And now, she`s just one day away from formally triggering Article 50. That`s part of the European Union agreement. 

What Article 50 does is begin the two-year process to separate Britain from the E.U. Two sides have to agree on the terms of their division. Why would something like this take so long? One reason is paperwork.

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NINA DOS SANTOS, CNN INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENT: At the heart of Europe, five floors down, on five miles of shelving, thousands upon thousands of containers, row after row of red tape that Brexit supporters want Britain to leave behind.

Here in the archives of the Council of the European Union, you get an idea of the sheer scale of the paperwork that`s involved with being a member of the E.U. Each of these boxes contains hundreds of legal documents, various texts and policy papers. And as the U.K. leaves, well, it will have to decide which ones it wants to keep, and which ones it wants to lose.

But for all the millions of words stored in Brussels, only 255 are needed to start that decision-making process. The five brief paragraphs of Article 50 provide the blueprint for exiting the European Union. With everyone watching, both the E.U. and the U.K. are hoping for a speedy harmonious conclusion, so that the writing at different floors in agreements that will eventually line these shelves can begin.

Nina Dos Santos, CNN, Brussels.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: Authorities in northeastern Australia are trying to get a sense of the destruction from Cyclone Debbie. The system made landfall early on Tuesday. It was capable of devastating damage and Debbie had gotten stronger as it approached land. Wind speeds of up to 150 miles per hour, a storm surge, a rise in the sea level of more than 13 feet was possible. 

Thousands of people in the Australian state of Queensland had been ordered to leave their homes. Police warned that they could not shelter from a storm surge. 

Queensland`s premier said the cyclone would be nasty, that it was capable of being as severe as the last major storm to hit the area. Cyclone Yasi knocked home off their foundations and destroyed farmland back in 2011. 

Debbie was also expected to have particularly bad timing. Our affiliate 7 News said its landfall would coincide with the high tide, threatening homes anywhere near the coasts. Schools were closed, emergency workers were deployed to the region as the equivalent of a category 3 hurricane approach.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

SUBTITLE: Typhoons vs. hurricanes: What`s the difference?

MYERS: Typhoons are hurricanes, are cyclones. They are the same thing, just in different oceans. A lot like a hot cake is a flat jack is a pancake is short stack. 

If you are west of the dateline, so west of Hawaii, north of the equator, you`re a typhoon. If you`re in the Atlantic or the Pacific, around 

America, you are a hurricane. And if you are around the Indian Ocean or in the southern hemisphere, you`re a cyclone. 

So, it`s not out of the question for a hurricane to become a typhoon if it moves over the dateline. In fact, after crossing the international dateline, Hurricane Genevieve turned into Typhoon Genevieve a few years ago.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ (voice-over): Ten-second trivia:

Cryptography is the study of what?

Burial grounds, secret writing, cave formations, or subzero temperatures?

Cryptography from which we get the word "encrypt" is the study of secret writing.

(END VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ: Government officials in multiple countries want more access to the technology that encrypts electronic messages. One reason, Khalid Masood, the 52-year-old terrorist who attacked pedestrians and a policeman in London in last week was reportedly active on WhatsApp two minutes before the attacks. WhatsApp is a popular messaging application that uses encryption technology. Because of that British investigators haven`t been able to access what Masood was saying. 

They have released details of who he was. Masood was born in Britain under a different name. He`d been convicted for several violent crimes, starting in 1983, and Britain`s prime minister says Masood had links to violent extremism, though he was never before accused of terrorism. 

Masood spent a couple of years working in Saudi Arabia as an English teacher. He had no criminal record there. Investigators are trying to figure out how and when he became radicalized. 

The ISIS terrorist group said it was responsible for Wednesday`s attack which killed three pedestrians and a police officer. But investigators don`t think Masood had been communicating directly with ISIS. They think he was probably inspired by the terrorist group, gaining access to his messages could give police more information. But some developers are hesitant to trust governments with the keys.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

LAURIE SEGALL, CNNMONEY: Throughout history, coding and decoding messages has fueled wars. 

Take World War II. Mathematicians cracked German code created by a machine called Enigma. 

UNDENTIFIED MALE: It`s the greatest encryption device in history and the Germans use it for all major communications.

SEGALL: Fast forward to Arab Spring, how did protesters organize safely? Many do something called encryption. But that`s also the same way terrorists might work together to plan a major attack. 

The whole idea is to make your messages secret. Encryption jumbles words into random numbers, letters, characters. The words only decode for the person who`s meant to read them. 

It`s this technique that sparked the debate at the highest levels of government, because the same tech that helps the good guys also shields the bad. And that tech is going mainstream. 

At the center of it all, this guy.

MOXIE MARLINSPIKE, HACKER: We`re out of food, honestly.

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: And the means to cook it?

MARLINSPIKE: Yes, how does that feel?

SEGALL: His name is Moxie Marlinspike. It sounds made up because, well, it is. He`s a world renowned hacker and he`s obsessed with your privacy. 

He won`t tell you where he`s from or really anything about his past. But everyone, from secret agents, to whistleblower Edward Snowden, looks to what he has to say on one topic, encryption.

MARLINSPIKE: If I share photos online with my friends, my intention is to share it with those friends. It`s not to share with like, you know, 

Twitter the company, or Facebook the company, or the government.

SEGALL: Moxie built an app called Signal, that makes encryption easy to use. His tech is also used by WhatsApp, the messaging service owned by Facebook. 

MARLINSPIKE: It`s actually the most popular messenger in the world. Now, when people communicate with each other, those messages that they send are encrypted, all the way from their device to the recipient`s device. So, nobody in between can see what they`re saying.

SEGALL: It`s making it easier than ever to protect yourself and harder for law enforcement to crackdown.

Chris Inglis has spent decades fighting terrorists. He was a deputy director of the NSA. 

CHRIS INGLIS, FMR. NSA DEPUTY DIRECTOR: Encryption is one of many ways than an adversary, whether that`s a criminal, a terrorist, a rouge nation, one of many ways that they might use to hide their activities.

SEGALL: Some in Washington want the ability to access encrypted conversations, if there`s reason to think there`s a threat. Think of it as asking for a key to a locked door.

INGLIS: I don`t think you want to stakeout (ph) encryption technology. But the question is, do we then try to provide some exceptional access to technologies of that sort, by building a front door under the bright light of the rule of law?

SEGALL: For Inglis, the answer is yes. But to Moxie, that`s just not possible.

MARLINSPIKE: They are not capable of managing those secrets, you know? Like they`re getting hacked every day.

SEGALL: Some folks in Washington want Silicon Valley to build secure solutions. It doesn`t look like Moxie is going to be the guy for that. He plays by his own of rules and a new era of where tech drives the good, the bad, and in this case, the policy.

MARLINSPIKE: We`re at the moment in history where it`s mostly possible for us to sort of ignore the policy discussions that are happening, instead of like asking people to change the law or to change their surveillance practices or whatever. We can just do it ourselves.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: Ana Peninsula in northwestern Australia, scientists say they`ve tracked down something big. What measures five feet nine inches long is believed to be a footprint of a dinosaur. The record setting fossils reportedly from the food of a sauropod, thankfully, a herbivore. 

Researchers estimate this one would have measured more than 17 feet high at its hip. The University of Queensland says this is one of 21 different dinosaur tracks found in the area.

So, who knows what other finds might be afoot. The fossils are fueling a lot of interests. Other research has been done to herbi-fore and you know that here, you`d hear about any major dinoscovery, whether you sauros online or download our sauropodcast.

This is CNN 10.