CNN 10 January 31, 2017

CARL AZUZ, CNN 10 ANCHOR: This is CNN 10, where we`re explaining news from around the globe in 10 minutes. I`m your host, Carl Azuz.

In western Poland, U.S. troops and tanks are participating in military drills. They`re part of a force of 4,000 American servicemen and women who

were deployed to Eastern Europe earlier this month. It`s the biggest U.S. military buildup in the region since the Cold War and Russia has spoken out

against it. It sees the exercises as a threat to its borders.

It`s not U.S. troops who are involved. It`s other members of NATO. And though the American forces were initially sent by former President Barack

Obama, it appears their work there has the support of President Donald Trump. That`s significant because he`s repeatedly questioned the U.S. role

in NATO.

According to the U.S. Army`s lead commander in Europe, though, President Trump has reassured several other NATO members that the U.S. remains

committed to the organization.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

NIC ROBERTSON, CNN SENIOR DIPLOMATIC EDITOR: What is NATO? Why is it important? And what`s its future?

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization is a political and military alliance established in 1949 that seeks to promote stability in the North Atlantic

area.

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: It is a will of the people of the world for our freedom and for our peace.

ROBINSON: Led by Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg, there are 28 member countries and its HQ is in Brussels.

NATO doesn`t have his own troops but relies on contributions of forces from its member countries. At NATO`s core is Article 5 which states an attack

on one member is an attack on all NATO allies.

The collective defense principle was to protect Western European nations against the Soviet Union. But when the Soviet Union collapsed, NATO`s new

tasks range from being a bulwark against al-Qaeda in Afghanistan to fighting human trafficking and intercepting refugees in the Mediterranean.

Donald Trump has called it obsolete, says it has problems.

DONALD TRUMP, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES: NATO is obsolete.

ROBERTSON: He thinks NATO`s original purpose of protecting against the Soviet Union makes it irrelevant, that it`s ill-equipped to tackle

terrorism and that other members don`t pay their share towards it.

NATO is still extremely active with some 4,000 U.S. troops in Poland and the Baltic States, and tens of thousands on 48-hour standby -- bolstering

NATO`s allies and sending a clear message to Russia.

But the organization`s future and its principle of collective defense could be jeopardized if Trump pulls the U.S. out. Some of his cabinet picks back

NATO, though, like General James "Mad Dog" Mattis, chosen to head the Pentagon, have categorically declared NATO necessary to the USA.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: Police in Quebec, a province of Eastern Canada, are investigating a shooting that happened at a mosque on Sunday night. Six people were killed

and five wounded victims were in the hospital last night. Police say there were 39 other people in the mosque who were not hurt.

Witnesses said they saw at least two gunmen opened fire at the Quebec Islamic Cultural Center and police have arrested one suspect.

But there are still a lot of questions about the attack. Investigators say they`re not sure yet what the motive might have been, though Canadian Prime

Minister Justin Trudeau called the shooting a terrorist attack on Muslims. Vigils were planned for last night, in Quebec City and nearby Montreal.

(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ (voice-over): Ten-second trivia:

Of these states, which was the lat to achieve statehood? Rhode Island, Wisconsin, Iowa or California?

California was admitted to the Union in 1850. That was after all these other locations became states.

(END VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ: It`s also the most populated U.S. state, with almost 39 million people. And according to the U.S. Geological Survey, more than 24 million

of those folks were affected in some way by California`s historic drought. Its governor declared a drought state of emergency back in January of 2014.

By the end of last year, things hadn`t gotten better.

But there`s been a major change in a short amount of time, and CNN meteorologist Chad Myers is here to explain it.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

CHAD MYERS, CNN METEOROLOGIST: Carl, everyone has heard about the California drought and how some farmers couldn`t even plant crops because

there was no water to irrigate them. Well, things have been a lot better.

Let`s go take you back here to 2016 where we had almost the entre state in some type of extreme or exceptional drought. Well, it has rained in

January and it has rained a lot in January and snowed to the mountains.

But the drought has gone down and now, this week, very little drought left. Look where we were compared to now just a little bit of drought. That`s

the good news.

We are seeing the drought go away because the rain has come in. A river of moisture has come in. We call it sometimes the "pineapple express". Well,

it came into California storm after storm after storm. You can`t get rid of a drought with just one rainstorm, whether it`s heavy or not.

But some spots here over the past 30 days had picked up almost 20 inches of rainfall. A lot of that snow, a lot of that will melt off and make good

running rivers for power and for drinking for the summer -- Carl.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: All right. Next, accelerometers, gyroscopes, GPS -- sensors are being used to measure everything from how hard a hit is, to how quickly an

athlete accelerates, to the direction a player favors when taking off. Technology is changing the way athletes and trainers approach sports, and

though many consider boxing an old school sport, with old school approaches to training, a type of punch tracker, which runs a little under $200 could

serve as a sort of Fitbit for boxing, when it works.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

VANESSA YURKEVICH, CNNMONEY CORRESPONDENT: When you`re a swimmer, you`re measured by a timer. When you`re a gymnast, you know if you stick it. But

boxing is different. It`s traditionally a low tech sport. Data is virtually non-existent.

(on camera): In the sport do you guys talk about numbers? Like hey, I can punch this fast, I can punch with this much velocity?

RICHARDSON HITCHENS, OLYMPIC BOXER, HAITI: No. But we do try and compare like who`s fastest and stuff, but we never really had nothing to show us,

oh, I punch faster than you or I can prove it.

YURKEVICH (voice-over): Hykso wants to make that kind of data available to boxers. They`ve created a system that uses sensors to record a boxer`s

average speed, how many punches and the type of punch they throw most.

(on camera): These are the sensors that are going to go on your hands, like in your wraps, then it`s going to be transmitted to a phone which

we`ll be able to review everything.

(voice-over): We had Richardson put it to the test.

(on camera): Let`s the games begin Go!

(voice-over): Wayne State University measured the punching speed of seven Olympic boxers. The average, 20.4 miles per hour.

(LAUGHTER)

(on camera): And time.

OK. So, your average speed was 16.3. You threw about 25 punches. Knowing that you`re 16.3 on this past round, in your mind, you`d want to pick it

up?

HITCHENS: Yeah.

YURKEVICH: Why?

HITCHENS: So, I`ll be faster.

It`s always been a hard work. There`s hunger to learn and get better every day, different little adjustments we`re making, little things to work on so

when I get out there, I can win that gold medal.

YURKEVICH: During our trials however, the device didn`t always pick up every punch.

(on camera): Still no. Throw two jobs and then right hand.

So, that`s interesting. It only registered two punches and your average speed said 9.8 miles per hour.

You favor your right hand. You throw more punches on your right hand. Your right hand is faster. So, it went up like 19. Your left is averaging

more like 17 -- 15, 17. And it actually recording all of your punches right now.

HITCHENS: OK.

YURKEVICH: So, is that new information to you.

HITCHENS: Yes.

YURKEVICH: Like knowing that you use your right hand more.

HITCHENS: Yes.

YURKEVICH: Will this change your strategy at all knowing this information?

HITCHENS: Yes, because I know (INAUDIBLE) punches, to get more punches and come more faster.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: The planet Saturn is famous for its rings but it`s getting a lot of press for one of its dozens of moons. This is Tethys. NASA released a

photo last week. Because of that big old crater on the left side, some "Star Wars" fans are comparing it to the Death Star. Of course, the space

station is fiction, Tethys is real.

But scientists say its crater is a result of a star war. They believe something hit Tethys hard enough to make it.

Guess it knocked its Tethys. But did it planet? Did this happen a long time ago in a galaxy far, far away? Was the moon rocked by an asteroid or

was it something crater, some ultimate weapon?

Scientists will have to take a closer Wookiee. Maybe they`ll find out sooner or Vader. Either way, it`s where we Lando this Tuesday.

I`m Carl Azuz. We`ll see you in February.

END

CNN 10 January 30, 2017

CARL AZUZ, CNN 10 ANCHOR: Welcome to CNN 10. I`m Carl Azuz. Thank you for watching.

First story we`re covering involves a controversial executive order concerning travel to America. The order that President Donald Trump signed

Friday is called the Protection of the Nation from Foreign Terrorists Entry into the United States. It follows through in a campaign promise Mr. Trump

made to tighten U.S. borders and stop certain refugees from entering the country.

The order aims to do that by suspending the U.S. refugee admissions program for 120 days. So, that`s on hold. It puts a temporary 90-day ban, a stop,

to people entering the U.S. from certain terrorism-prone countries. It puts an indefinite ban on people entering the U.S. from Syria, and it puts

a limit on the total number of refugees allowed to enter the U.S. at 50,000 for the fiscal year. Former President Obama had increased that to 110,000

in his last year in office.

President Trump wants to institute what he calls extreme vetting, screening of immigrants to the U.S., and he says this will all help keep Islamic

terrorists out of the country.

(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)

DONALD TRUMP, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES: We only want to admit those into our country, who will support our country and love deeply our people.

(END VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ: House Speaker Paul Ryan says President Trump is right to make sure the U.S. is doing everything possible to know exactly who is entering the

country. This is the first time U.S. refugee admissions had been suspended. Former President George W. Bush suspended them for three months

after the September 11th, 2001 terrorist attacks.

But President Trump`s plan is unique and that it bans from specific countries -- Iran, Iraq, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria and Yemen. The

majority of people in these countries are Muslim, and critics say the president`s order discriminates against Muslims.

(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)

SEN. CHUCK SCHUMER (D), NEW YORK: It was implemented in a way that created chaos and confusion across the country and it will only serve to embolden

and inspire those around the globe who will do us harm.

(END VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ: The Council on American Islamic Relations says there`s no evidence that refugees are a threat to U.S. national security. And over the

weekend, a number of legal challenges were made to the order.

A federal judge in New York granted an emergency stay Saturday night. What that did would say citizens from the affected countries who`ve already

arrived in the U.S. or who were on the way legally, before the order, cannot be removed from America. The judge said that removal would violate

the immigrants due process and equal protection guaranteed by the Constitution.

Across the U.S., protesters gathered to speak out against the restrictions. There were demonstrations at U.S. landmarks and at major American airports

where some people from the listed countries were detained.

(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ (voice-over): Ten-second trivia:

How long is an appointment to the U.S. Supreme Court? Is it for a 4-year, 6-year, 8-year, or lifelong term?

Justices on the Supreme Court serve for life. It`s up to them when or if they want to retire.

(END VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ: There`s been a vacancy in the nine-member court, since Associate Justice Antonin Scalia died suddenly last February. President Trump is

expected to nominate a replacement this week. It will then up to the Senate to confirm or reject the president`s nominee.

While campaigning, Mr. Trump promised to pick someone with conservative views, like Justice Scalia. And at this weekend`s March for Life, an

annual rally against abortion in the U.S., Mike Pence, who is the first sitting vice president to speak at the event, said President Trump`s

nominee will support anti-abortion policies. The rally is the largest pro- life event in the world, and the White House says it stands with the marchers.

With President Trump set to nominate the next justice, here`s a look at whom the nominee will be working.

First, the chief justice of the United States. John Roberts was nominated by President George W. Bush. He`s been on the job since 2005 and he`s the

youngest chief justice since John Marshall in 1801.

Then, there`s Justice Anthony Kennedy. He was nominated by President Ronald Reagan and sworn in in 1988. He`s considered a conservative, but he

voted to uphold Roe v. Wade and to legalize same sex marriage.

Justice Clarence Thomas was nominated by President George H.W. Bush. When he started in 1991, he was the second African-American to serve on the

court.

Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg was nominated by President Bill Clinton and begun her service in 1993. Twenty years later, she officiated a same-sex

marriage ceremony that was legal in some states then, but not yet nationwide.

Justice Stephen Breyer was also nominated by President Clinton. He was sworn in 1994. Before that, he worked as an assistant prosecutor during

the Watergate hearings.

Justice Samuel Alito was another nominee of the 43rd president. A conservative justice, he`s been nicknamed "Scalito" because his views are

similar to those of late Justice Antonin Scalia.

President Barack Obama nominated Justice Sonia Sotomayor, the first Hispanic Supreme Court justice. She started in 2009.

And another Obama nominee, Justice Elena Kagan started in 2010. She`s the youngest member of the Supreme Court.

Flint, Michigan, has been a city in crisis for more than two years. The problem is in the water.

In 2014, to save money, the city of Flint switched its water supply from Lake Huron to the Flint River. But the river water is highly corrosive.

It eats away at old iron and lead pipes. And though federal law says the water has to be treated with chemicals to prevent that corrosion, it

wasn`t, according to the class action lawsuit. And lead from the pipes leached into the city`s drinking water, leading to a public health crisis.

The water supply wasn`t switched back to Lake Huron until mid-October in 2015. The good news, the levels of lead in Flint recently tested below the

federal limit in its sixth-month study. The state still recommends that residents use filtered water for drinking and cooking while pipe

replacements continue.

Problems remain though for the city and its residents.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

DR. SANJAY GUPTA, CNN CHIEF MEDICAL CORRESPONDENT: Look right at me. Look right at me.

(voice-over): When her son Gavin started to become Illinois, it was subtle, so subtle LeeAnne Walters wouldn`t have been blamed for missing it.

(on camera): Look up. Keep your head straight. Over here.

Good job. Look up. Look down. Do you have any -- do your fingers feel numb at all?

(voice-over): But one day she looked at Gavin and then looked at his twin brother, Garrett, side by side. The difference was staggering.

LEEANNE WALTERS, MOTHER OF TWO & FLINT RESIDENT: The size he is right now is pretty much the size he was last February, February 5th of 2015.

GUPTA (on camera): Almost a year?

WALTERS: Almost a year ago. Yes.

GUPTA: How much does he weigh versus his twin?

WALTERS: He`s 38.5 pounds and his twin is 53 pounds.

GUPTA (voice-over): For months, they had been drinking the same water. But Gavin was showing the effects of being poisoned by lead. And such is

the nature of lead poisoning, it can affect people very differently, even twins.

(on camera): Do you remember what the number was?

WALTERS: Six-point-five.

GUPTA: And what is normal?

WALTERS: Nothing. There`s no safe exposure to lead.

GUPTA (voice-over): It`s a mantra repeated by doctors all over the world, no lead, not even a little bit, is acceptable. Because we know more than

ever what it does to the body.

When lead is ingested or inhaled, no organ in the body is spared. Lead even attacks the DNA, affecting not just you, but your future children --

all of it essentially irreversible. Equally frustrating, the symptoms could show up now or years from now.

WALTERS: Wait, watch and see. How do you live your life like that?

GUPTA (on camera): It`s upsetting.

WALTERS: He`s four.

GUPTA (voice-over): The lead was coming from the corroded pipes carrying water. The longer the water was in the pipes, the more hazardous it came.

(on camera): One of the problems is that the Walters` house is one of the furthest away from the treatment facility. It partly explains why the

testing here was among the highest, 13,000 parts per billion. To give you some context, five parts per billion would be cause for concern, 5,000

parts per billion is associated with toxic waste. This home, 13,000 parts per billion.

But, of course, it`s not just one home. It`s an entire community here in Flint. A hundred thousand people live here, 10 percent, 10,000 of whom are

under the age of 6, and they`re the one`s who are most at risk.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: It seems like buzzer beaters always earn "10 Out of 10". Down 62- 60, with just over three seconds left on the clock, a young man who also plays quarterback for ADM High School got the ball and he did down the

court. It was intercepted by the other team but then coughed up and ADM guard Jared Sapp took the shoot he knew he could make. It did not go right

in, but after a high bounce off the rim, it won ADM the game.

The point, it`s actually three. Net plenty of practice, never give up, off court, and always take your best shot. Overtime, working overtime can save

you from over time.

That`s all our time on CNN 10. Hope you`ll take another shot with us tomorrow.

END

CNN 10 | January 27, 2017

CARL AZUZ, CNN 10 ANCHOR: Welcome to Fridays are awesome! This is CNN 10 and I'm Carl Azuz.

Yesterday, British Prime Minister Theresa May came to the U.S. for a two-day visit. She's the first serving foreign leader to speak at the annual congressional Republican retreat. That's in Philadelphia this year. And Prime Minister May is also the first foreign leader to meet with U.S. President Donald Trump since his inauguration. Britain is widely considered to be America's closest ally.

A separate international meeting was cancelled though. Mexican President Enrique Pena Nieto had been scheduled to visit President Trump at the White House next Tuesday. But Mr. Trump's moving forward with plans to build a wall on the U.S. Mexico border. He wants Mexico to pay for it and that's something Mr. Pena Nieto has repeatedly said Mexico would not do.

On Thursday, President Trump said if President Pena Nieto continued to refuse to finance the wall, it would be better for him to skip the meeting. So, the Mexican leader cancelled his plans, saying his country does not believe in walls. The White House said it would keep communication open with America's southern neighbor.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

ED LAVANDERA, CNN CORRESONDENT (voice-over): On the border's edge from Nogales, Arizona, several dozen migrants gather for breakfast inside a shelter known as Kino Border Initiative.

It's where Jesus Garcia is trying to figure out how to get into the United States. Over a map, he recounts how far he's traveled since he left home the day before Donald Trump was elected president.

(on camera): So, he started here in San Pedro Sula in Honduras, made his way across Guatemala, here into this little town, and this is where he crossed into Mexico.

He says he hasn't been able to cross. He left home November 7th of last year and he's tried three times already to get across but he hasn't been able to.

(voice-over): Garcia says it's the first time he's ever tried crossing the border illegally and says it's harder than he imagined.

(on camera): He says, "If I made this the far, I'm going to keep trying."

(voice-over): But on the other side, a legion of border patrol agents, cameras, barricades, ground sensors are waiting, even some private citizens working on their own to stop migrants like Jesus Garcia from getting across.

TIM FOLEY, ARIZONA BORDER RECON: This is the scene in "The Matrix."

LAVANDERA: In Tim Foley's world, the border lands are a threatening, dangerous place.

FOLEY: This is the red pill. This is what the world really looks like.

LAVANDERA: Foley leads a volunteer group called Arizona Border Recon that patrols the border around Sasabe, Arizona, a town the U.S.-Mexico border with less than a hundred people.

FOLEY: I've been called everything in the book. I've been called a domestic extremist.

LAVANDERA: The Southern Poverty Law Center, which monitors hate group in the U.S., says Foley's group is made up of, quote, "native extremists." Foley sees the flow of drugs, undocumented migrants and the wide open spaces of the border as the country's biggest threat.

(on camera): Along the nearly 2,000-mile U.S. southern border, there is already about 700 miles of fencing and barricades already in place. Here in Sasabe, Arizona, this steel see-through fence stretches for several miles, but as you approach the end of town, it abruptly comes to an end like these border fences often do as it stretches out into rugged, remote terrain in the Arizona desert.

FOLEY: I put cameras about five minutes from the road.

LAVANDERA (voice-over): Foley relies on a collection of cameras he hides in the brush to capture the movements of drug smugglers. He often shares that information and videos with border patrol agents.

FOLEY: You need boots on the ground. That's what's keeping you out there. Good thing we have this up here.

LAVANDERA: Foley voted for Donald Trump and wants to see all documented immigrants in the U.S. deported and additional border agents moved closer to the Mexican border. But he's not convinced Trump or anyone else can change the reality he sees.

FOLEY: When you're reactive to a problem, you're always going to be behind the solution.

LAVANDERA: For many like 18-year-old Mariesela Ramirez, they try to come illegally from Mexico. She was caught by border patrol with a group of migrants and quickly deported.

She wanted to find work in the U.S. to help support her elderly parents. She trembles as she recalls the experience of being smuggled across the border.

(on camera): I asked her if she was going to try to cross again. Her brother is still being detained in the United States. She's waiting for him to get out and she's not really sure what they're going to do next. So, she's waiting for him to be sent back here and they'll figure out what they're going to do next.

(voice-over): It's the cycle that never ends on the border.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: Chinese New Year is this Saturday. It's often characterized as the largest annual human migration, because hundreds of millions of Chinese are headed home to celebrate their country's most important holiday. Of course, it's not just celebrated here. It's observed by Chinese worldwide, and it's not just marked on one day. The festival official lasts more than two weeks.

Also known as Spring Festival, the Chinese Lunar New Year doesn't follow the exact time every year. It's determined by the occurrence of the second new moon after the winter solstice. That usually falls between January 21st and February 20th on the Gregorian calendar.

And as people enter the year 4715 on the Chinese calendar, there's a tremendous amount of traveling being done across the world's most populated country.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

DAVID MCKENZIE, CNN INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENT: I'm here at the Beijing railway station in the capital of China, as people take last minute trips for the Lunar New Year. It's just the staggering amount of people traveling at this time of year, more than 100 million Chinese will go on just one day home, mostly using rail like this. More than a billion travel across Asia for this holiday.

(voice-over): "It's a 20-hour train ride", said Ching (ph). "I only get to see the family once a year."

"I'm getting excited," she says. "We can't wait to get home."

"It's a Chinese tradition to take gifts home. Everyone does it."

(on camera): And to have one more thing stuck away in their bags, the hong bao or the red envelope. This time, we're heading into the year of the rooster. They put money in it and give it to family members.

People don't just travel here in China. They're traveling across the world. More than 6 million people are leaving China for the New Year is a big tourist boom as well.

David McKenzie, CNN, Beijing, China.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ (voice-over): Ten-second trivia:

Which landmark is also known as Chomolungma?

Mount Everest, Ayers Rock, Kilauea, or Timbuktu?

Towering over the Himalayan Mountains, you'll find what's known locally as Chomolungma, Mount Everest.

(END VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ: It's the highest point on the planet. Sitting on the border between Nepal and the Tibet autonomous region of China, Mount Everest stands at 29,035 feet tall, give or take.

Now, why would we say that?

Well, the Indian government measured it in 1955 at 29,029 feet. But however tall it was, Everest might have shrunk two years ago when a major earthquake struck Nepal. A group of Indian scientists think it might have brought Everest down a few feet.

So, they want to send a team of about 30 researchers and surveyors to measure the mountain. They'd use GPS and triangulation to do it and the estimated cost of the project, about $800,000. It takes months of planning and the scientists have to consult with Nepal and China first.

Nepal is already planning its own height survey after claims were made that the earthquake moved Everest's tectonic plate.

(MUSIC)

Risk and reward, a Swedish snowmobiler gets "10 Out of 10" today.

Apparently, there was a race on to see who could do this first -- land a double back flip -- one, two -- on a snowmobile.

And Daniel Bodin recently became the first person to do it. He's won multiple awards at the X Games in the past. He's also fractured multiple vertebrae in a crash. So, there had been some bumps along the road to snowmobiling success. He says he's been dreaming of this trick for two years.

Now, some motors (ph) said there was snow way to mountain your con-snow-seur with a winter somersault in gear. But when you got enough freestyle in the clutch, you don't need to be backflipping, even if others can't snowmo-believe it.

I'm Carl Azuz and that's CNN 10.

CNN 10 | January 26, 2017

CARL AZUZ, CNN 10 ANCHOR: Global news for a global audience. This is CNN 10.

Welcome, everyone. I'm Carl Azuz.

The Middle Eastern nation of Israel is planning to expand its settlements, its housing areas in the West Bank. We start today by explaining why that's significant.

The West Bank is a disputed area of land in the ongoing conflict between Israelis and Palestinians. It used to be controlled by the nation of Jordan. But during a brief war, in 1967, Israel captured the land and claimed it as its own. Today, Israel says part of the land is historically theirs, part is politically theirs. It uses some of the land to provide security and it says it needs the space to give more housing to its people.

The Palestinians in the region say the land is theirs and that it was stolen. They're hoping to have the West Bank as part of a future country of their own. And Palestinian officials say Israel's decision to build new settlements there would threaten the region's security and put an obstacle in front of any efforts to achieve peace between Palestinians and Israelis.

Timing may factor in the Israel's decision. The U.S. has historically been an Israeli ally. But the Obama administration was strongly opposed to Israel's construction of new settlements. Now, with the Trump administration in power, international experts expect that the U.S. will more supportive of Israel's settlements.

Up next, major changes in the U.S. government's immigration policy.

(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)

DONALD TRUMP, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES: I just signed two executive orders that will save thousands of lives, millions of jobs, and billions and billions of dollars.

(END VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ: One of them that President Trump announced yesterday has to do with sanctuary cities. These are cities that shelter people who are in the U.S. illegally. For example, police forces in these cities might not help U.S. government officials find and deport undocumented immigrants, unless they've committed certain crimes. President Trump wants to punish these cities for not cooperating with the federal government and he'd do that by taking away certain funds they get from the government.

"The Wall Street Journal" reports that the president's ability to this is limited without congressional approval, but that he could slow down the process of giving these cities certain grants.

Critics of the executive actions say President Trump doesn't have the constitutional authority to carry it out and that pressuring cities to deport illegal immigrants could tear families apart.

The other actions the president announced yesterday: add thousands of U.S. border patrol agents and thousands of other government officials to deport undocumented immigrants. This would require congressional approval to pay for.

And something the president repeatedly promised to do while campaigning -- build a physical border wall between the U.S. and Mexico. President Trump says this will help the U.S. get back control of its borders and that the wall would help Mexico as well by discouraging illegal immigration from countries south of Mexico.

Mr. Trump plans to use U.S. government funds to pay for the construction and then get Mexico to pay America back. That's something Mexican leaders have said they won't do and critics say the wall would be a monumental waste of U.S. taxpayer money.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

JASON CARROLL, CNN CORRESPONDENT: What would it take to build a wall on the border between the United States and Mexico?

You're talking about an area 1,954 miles, stretching across California, Arizona, New Mexico and right here in Texas -- just about 100 yards away from Mexico.

We spoke to civil engineers, architects and academics. They all say the wall can be built. It can be done. The question is, how?

The first thing one has to do is, before you go up, you have to go down and build a foundation. This will help provide support for the wall. In order to prevent people from tunneling under it, it should be at least five feet deep.

The second thing one must consider is what do you use to build the wall? What materials do you go after? Well, how about cinderblock?

The upside is it's strong; it's secure; it's readily available. The downside is, it's labor intensive to have to stack every single brick in order to build the wall. So, our experts say that option doesn't work.

There is another option. Using poured concrete on site. That's what they did when they built the Hoover Dam. The downside to that is when you poor concrete in warmer climates like along many of these border states, experts say what you could end up with is a weaker wall, because the concrete might not dry correctly, meaning a wall that could end up crumbling.

So what could be the answer here?

The experts that we spoke to say the way to go is pre-casted cement wall panels. Those panels will be lined side by side, sort of like what you might see on a highway. Each panel would be about 20 feet high. Again, five feet below ground. About ten feet wide and eight inches thick.

Again, that wall would be stretching some 2,000 miles, and our expert says it would require 339 million cubic feet of concrete. And that's just for the panels. You're also going to need reinforced steel. At least 5 billion pounds.

So what about the estimated cost?

Because it hasn't been done before, let's use those highway panels as an example. They cost about $40 a square foot. That would end up costing about $10.5 billion. Sounds like a lot of money, is a lot of money.

But again, remember, Donald Trump says the U.S. government wouldn't end up footing the bill on this one. It would be Mexico.

And what about the timing on all of this? How long would it take to build? According to our expert, if you're ambitious, you could get it done within a presidential term, four years.

Jason Carroll, CNN, McAllen, Texas.

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AZUZ (voice-over): Ten-second trivia:

What do Apple, Home Depot, McDonald's and Walt Disney have in common? Are they all based in California, part of the Dow Jones Industrial Average, part of the NASDAQ, or none of these?

All four of these companies are included in the Dow, an average of 30 major U.S. stocks.

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AZUZ: The Dow is one indicator of the health of the U.S. economy. It's not the only one. But a rising stock market is usually seen as a good economic sign. And yesterday, the Dow hit a high note: 20,000, for the first time ever.

This number shows that the value of stocks in the average increased. The fact that it's climbed this high shows that stock market investors are optimistic about the direction the economy is going in.

Experts credit the work of two U.S. leaders for the climb.

One, President Trump. Analysts believe his plans to cut taxes, increased spending on roads and bridges and reduced regulations on business could help increase corporate profits and help the American economy growth faster.

Two, former President Obama. Analysts believe the economy he left behind, which saw years of job growth and a decreasing unemployment rate also contributed to the Dow's rise, since the great recession brought it down in early 2009. The recovery from that was considered to be slow. But the economy's health has noticeably improved.

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REPORTER: It was mid-November 1972. This hit was number one on the Billboard charts. Richard Nixon had just won reelection and on Wall Street, traders marked Dow 1,000, with IBM, the growth stock of the day, leading the charge. It was the first truly mega Wall Street milestone.

It took the Dow 27 years to hit 10,000, in March 1999.

(MUSIC)

REPORTER: Cher's hit "Believe" was topping the charts. Stocks were truly a force of nature back then. And at the end NYSE, traders went nuts.

STEPHEN GUILFOYLE, PRESIDENT, SARGE986: That was kind of a big deal. At that time, there were still a lot of people down here. We probably still have between us and the Amex, maybe 7,500 people. So, at that time, yes, it was confetti in the air, with everybody wearing baseball caps.

REPORTER: A little event called the global financial crisis leveled stocks in 2008, sending the Dow plunging below 7,000. But those with the stomach for rest were rewarded when stocks roared back.

President Trump's victory in November sparked a powerful rally, bringing the Dow less than a point away from 20,000. Stocks turned choppy. The milestone remained elusive.

Some may play down these benchmarks, but soaring stocks can boost consumer confidence, and for traders on the New York Stock Exchange, big round numbers remain magical.

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AZUZ: Nothing says "I love you" like naming a roach. At New York City's Bronx Zoo, love is in the air as Valentine's Day nears. What they're allowing people to do is to name a Madagascar hissing cockroach after a loved one, or as they put it, a not-so loved one.

Since the annual event started in 2011, more than 11,000 roaches had been named. For 10 bucks, you get a certificate. For 50, you can get that, some chocolates and a flash roach doll. Of course, the lucky lady or gentleman might hate that approach. They might respond with reproach, or they might broach the subject of a breakup.

On the other leg, if they have their antennae out for something unusual, and this doesn't make them hiss-terical or encroach on any other plans, maybe they'll find it truly roachmantic.

I'm Carl Azuz.