CNN 10 January 18, 2017

CARL AZUZ, CNN 10 ANCHOR: This is CNN 10. Ten minutes of world news

explained. I`m Carl Azuz.

And leading things off this Wednesday, January 18th, a mystery, one of the

biggest in the history of aviation may go unsolved. The underwater search

for Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 has been called off. On March 8, 2014,

the flight left Kuala Lumpur and headed for Beijing, China. It had 239

people onboard.

At some point during the journey, military radar indicated that the plane

changed course and headed west. Investigators believe it eventually turned

south, toward the southern Indian Ocean. After that, the train went cold.

A few pieces of the plane have washed up on islands near the east coast of

Africa. But despite years of searching 46,000 square miles and spending

millions of dollars, no one knows what happened to the plane. Its black

box, its flight data recorder may hold some answers, but it`s missing with

the flight.

And Malaysia, China, and Australia, the three countries leading the search

announced yesterday they were suspending it. They said the decision was

not made lightly or without sadness.

But a group that represents family members of the flight`s passengers says

stopping it at this stage is nothing short of irresponsible.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

RACHEL CRANE, CNN CORRESPONDENT: Following a plane crash, the search for

survivors always comes first. But just as important is a search for

answers, the why and the how. Often, those answers are found in a black

box.

SUBTITLE: What is a black box?

CRANE: Since the `60s, all commercial airplanes have been required to have

one on board. Now, the name is a little misleading because they`re

actually orange. And when we`re talking about a black box, we`re talking

about two different boxes -- one being the cockpit voice recorder, the

other being the flight data recorder. Together, they weigh anywhere

between 20 to 30 pounds, and they have to be crash-proof.

Black boxes can survive just about anything: temperatures up to 2,000

degrees Fahrenheit for an hour, forces that are 3400 Gs. Now, that`s 3400

times the force of gravity. They`re waterproof and they can save recorded

data for two years. And it`s a lot of data.

The cockpit voice recorder records that crew`s conversation and background

noise. By listening to the ambient sounds in the cockpit before a crash,

experts can determine if the stall took place, the RPMs of the engine and

the speed of which the plane was traveling. When these sounds are cross-

referenced with ground control conversations, they can even help searches

locate a crash site.

Then, there`s the flight data recorder. It gathers 25 hours of technical

data from airplane sensors, recording several thousand discreet pieces of

information. Data about the airspeed, altitude, pitch, acceleration, roll,

fuel, and the list goes on and on.

But to make sense of the data, first, you have to find it. Not an easy

thing to do when a plane crashes into the ocean.

Both black box components are outfitted with underwater locator beacons,

which self-activated the moment they come into contact with water. They

sent pings once per second to signal their location and can transmit data

from as deep as 20,000 feet for up to 30 days, when their batteries then

run out.

But on land, there`s no such pinging to help guide the search.

Investigators have to sift through the wreckage until they find it.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: Up next, it`s a force of 4,000 U.S. troops, plus 2,400 pieces of

military equipment, including tanks, artillery and armored trucks. It`s

all part of a deployment lasting nine months and it`s moving throughout

Eastern Europe on training exercises.

The Americans who recently arrived in Poland received a welcome ceremony

and a greeting from the country`s prime minister.

A commander of the U.S. land forces in Europe says their presence was a

concrete sign of the continued U.S. commitment to the defense of Poland and

the NATO alliance.

But Russia said it saw the deployment as a threat, an action that threatens

Russian interest and security. Here`s why there`s tension over this.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

ATIKA SHUBERT, CNN CORRESPONDENT: The one thing you need to know about

U.S. troop deployment across Europe is the word "collective defense".

Let`s take this example, say, Russian tanks crossed the border and invaded

Latvia, well, then, it would be U.S. soldiers that rushed to the frontline

in Latvia`s defense. That`s the basis of the North Atlantic Treaty

Organization or NATO, an alliance of 28 countries guaranteeing their

region`s security. An attack on one is an attack on all.

But the United States has, by far, the most powerful military in the

alliance.

The NATO was formed in 1949, just after World War II, in order to contain

the Soviet Union. But in 1991, the USSR collapsed. In the next decade or

so, NATO grew to include some of those former Soviet states. Then, in

2014, Russian forces entered Ukraine, seizing the Crimean Peninsula, a

violation of international law.

Now, Ukraine is not a member of NATO. So, the United States and other NATO

allies did not mobilize troops to defend Ukraine, but many of Ukraine`s

neighbors are members of NATO.

Poland, Estonia, and Latvia are just some of the NATO allies that have

called for more troops to come to their defense. And this is why we see

thousands of U.S. troops now deployed across Eastern Europe, to create a

strong deterrent against any further Russian aggression.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ (voice-over): Ten-second trivia.

Which U.S. president gave the shortest inaugural address? George

Washington, William Henry Harrison, Abraham Lincoln or Franklin Delano

Roosevelt?

Delivered in 1793, George Washington`s second inaugural address was the

shortest ever in 135 words, just two paragraphs.

(END VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ: Two hundred twenty-four years later, a presidential inauguration is

a massive event. No matter how short or long the speech might be. The

price tag can ring up at $200 million.

That`s not just this year`s event, that`s what inaugurations can typically

cost in the 21st century. According to the Washington Post", both parties,

Democrats and Republicans, tend to spend the same amount for inaugurations.

Private donations can cover $70 million of the cost, give or take. The

rest comes from taxpayers and the money goes to everything from security,

the biggest expense, to the swearing in ceremony, the parade, the parties,

and the inaugural ball.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

SUBTITLE: Inauguration day is a long one for the new leader of the free

world.

Traditionally, the president-elect wakes up at Blair House, the president`s

guest house.

President-elect Trump is planning to stay at Blair House, even with his

hotel just down the street.

Then the president-elect takes a ride around the corner to St. John`s

Church.

Then it`s time to take the oath.

GEORGE H.W. BUSH, FORMER PRESIDENT: I, George Herbert Walker, Bush --

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: (INAUDIBLE)

RONALD REAGAN, FORMER U.S. PRESIDENT: That I will faithfully execute the

office of president of the United States.

SUBTITLE: Next: deliver a killer speech.

FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT, FORMER U.S. PRESIDENT: The only thing we have to

fear is fear itself.

REAGAN: Do whatever needs to be done to preserve this last and greatest

bastion of freedom.

JOHN F. KENNEDY, FORMER U.S. PRESIDENT: Ask not what your country can do

for you, ask what you can do for your country.

SUBTITLE: Grab lunch with the Senate.

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Thank you for a president who knows you and seeks your

through Scripture.

SUBTITLE: The lunch has been a thing since 1953.

That`s followed by a brisk walk down Pennsylvania Avenue. (Or a drive.

It`s cold in January.)

Then it`s time to thaw out and watch the parade. (Or take a selfie.)

Finally, it`s time to have a(n inaugural) ball.

Optional: Show off.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: There`s a quick, easy and free way to find out in advance what`s

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(MUSIC)

AZUZ: For "10 out of 10" today, you`d expect to see a polar bear playing

in the snow. So, no surprises here. But when you see an Asian elephant

doing the same thing, you know something is up.

This ain`t the Arctic, it`s the Oregon Zoo. It shut down one day last week

for an unusually strong snow storm, but some of the animals looked like

they love it. They took advantage of a snow day to play like kids on a day

off from school.

Of course, the polar animals could bear it. As far as complaints went, the

marine mammals` lips were sealed, and it didn`t seem like it bothered the

elephant`s pachydermis. So, even if snow wasn`t part of their natural

habitat, it wasn`t zoo cold for them to luxzooriate in near blizzoed

conditions.

I`m Carl Azoos for CNN 10.