CNN 10 - March 31 2016

CARL AZUZ, CNN 10 ANCHOR: As many as you saw on a meme earlier this week, Fridays are awesome! I`m Carl Azuz at CNN Center. 

Your ten minutes of world news explained begins with the countdown to Brexit.

The British exit or separation from the European Union has officially begun. Nine months after a slim majority of British voters chose to leave the E.U., British Prime Minister Theresa May signed Article 50 this week. That`s what gives any E.U. member the right to leave the association on its own. 

One reason why the Brexit is so incredibly complicated is legal. Right now, there are 12,000 European Union laws enforced in Britain. They applied to businesses, consumers, workers. And since 1972, these E.U. laws have taken precedence over Britain`s own laws. 

With that changing, as the nation separates itself from the E.U., it has to convert those laws to suit its own country. So, some will be kept, some replaced, some eliminated. One Brexit official says the government priority was getting the right deal for every single person in Britain. 

Lawmakers have two years to figure out how to do that, but it`s only one of the challenges they face.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

MAX FOSTER, CNN CORRESPONDENT: This has just never been done before, unpicking 40 years of treaties and agreements, covering thousands of different subjects. The U.K. has just two years to extricate itself from the European Union.

SUBTITLE: What`s next after Article 50?

FOSTER: Vast negotiating teams from both sides will work round the clock to try to reach some sort of deal and they`re going to start by looking at the breakup. Some of the issues they`re going to have to tackle includes what they`re going to do with Brits living in Europe, what they`re going to do with Europeans living in the U.K.? How are they going to leave this trading bloc, the single European market? And will London keep its status as the go-to financial hub for euro trading?

The biggest problem though is what some E.U. officials see as a massive lingering bill. Britain should they say be paying billions of dollars for years to come into ongoing projects that they have a stake in. 

Once they do reach the deal, 20 of the E.U. heads of states representing at least 65 percent of the total population need to approve it. Also, the 

U.K. parliament needs to approve it. And what if they don`t? Well, you could extend the negotiations, but all sides would have to agree to that.

The alternative would be Britain just leaving the European Union and the U.K. and will have to pull back on World Trade Organization rules.

Alongside all of this, they`re going to have to reach a new set of deals as well to establish a new relationship between the E.U. and the U.K. What about things like security, new trade deals? Enormous projects to consider alongside that main deal.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: Up next, we`re coming face to face with a middle aged man who`s actually from the Middle Ages. He lived 700 years ago, but now, people can look into his eyes and see that he looks a lot like many folks do now. 

Here`s what this is all about: the University of Cambridge reconstructed the face of a man who is buried in the 13th century. His skeleton was one of 400 others found under the old Divinity School of St. John`s College. The site was excavated a few years ago. It was one of the largest medieval hospital graveyards in Britain.

To better understand life at that time, researchers analyzed the man`s bones and reconstructed his face in an attempt to find out his life story. 

They say he was an ordinary poor man at that time, that he was probably a patient at the hospital where he was found, that his skeleton indicated he`d done a lot of physical labor in his life and that when he died, he was over 40 years.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

PROFESSOR JOHN ROBB, UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE: (INAUDIBLE) one of Cambridge`s urban poor. It`s a group of people that is very hard to find out about from history, because historical records are based around mostly property. And if you didn`t have wealth or tax, then very often, you would not actually show up in historical records.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: This was done as part of a project called After the Plague. It aims to humanize people from the past.

(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ (voice-over): Ten-second trivia:

Who painted La Bella Principessa, The Last Supper, and the Battle of Anghiari?

Michelangelo, Leonardo, Donatello or Raphael?

These are the works of Leonardo da Vinci, one of whose most famous paintings is the Mona Lisa.

(END VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ: OK. You`ve heard of the Mona Lisa. You probably haven`t heard of Lisa del Giocondo, whose portrait some scientists think was painted over in making the Mona Lisa. Pablo Picasso apparently painted over someone else`s portrait to create his work the Old Guitarist. Same thing for Vincent Van Gogh in painting Patch of Grass. 

One thing these findings all have in common, they were discovered decades or centuries later using modern scientific instruments.

Here`s how some researchers solve or find historic mysteries of art.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

PROF. AVIVA BURNSTOCK, HEAD OF COSNERVATOR & TECHNLOGY: THE COURTAULD INSTITUTE OF ART: A painting would change in the moment it`s made. And so, there`s no chance of restoring it to the way it looked when it was first made. But you can appreciate how it might have looked by doing the research that`s needed and then present it in the best it can be presented.

SUBTITLE: The Courtauld Institute of Art was established in 1932. It is the worlds` leading center for the study of the conservation of art, pioneering new technologies to reveal the complex DNA of a painting.

BURNSTOCK: With these new tools, it`s become a little bit easier to find out more about painting techniques and to find out in more detail about materials. For example, use a handheld x-ray fluorescent spectrometer to look at areas of the painting and look at the kind of elements they contain.

We learned quite a lot from people x-raying pictures and x-rays will penetrate all the way through the painting. So, you can see aspects of the whole thickness of the picture and sometimes you can see the frame and the nails that had been used to hang the canvas and sometimes you can see reworkings in paints. So, you can see things that you can`t see on the surface.

There were different devices that we use for infrared photography. So, you can do an infrared photo in specially adoptive camera. You might see something beneath the varnish. You might see drawing underneath the paint lens. 

And you might find a picture under another picture or drawing underneath the picture that`s been covered up with a completely different picture. 

There are always new discoveries to be made.

Each of these techniques tells you something different, to make you a good conservator, I think you need those elements. 

Eventually, you know, everything changes and everything deteriorates, although we now use materials which we hope will last at least 100 years. 

Inevitably, pictures will need to be cared for. And those works have been cared for. 

Now, we`ve retained them. We benefit from them. We can still see them. 

And the things that have been very neglected, we`ve lost them. So, that`s why conservation is important.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: If you are on our email list, you have known last night what was on today`s show. From our home page, just scroll down to "keep in touch" to sign up for our daily email. 

Also from our home page, if you want to see the show transcript, while you see the show, just click the word "transcript" under the video. That will take you to where you can watch and read along at the same time. It`s amazing and a really good idea.

(MUSIC)

AZUZ: Now for a really questionable idea. Do you see this? It`s a design company`s concept to put the sky in sky scraper. It`s a floating building.

How does it float? We are so glad you asked. 

What architects would do if they could is string up a skyscraper with high strength cabling and fasten it to an asteroid that`s orbiting the earth. 

They say it`d be lightweight. That it`d be solar powered. It can get its water from clouds. It`d also be strung up from an asteroid.

Its cost of construction, they say high. But that the skyscraper would also command record prices.

I guess they wouldn`t run out of space. But if demand were sky high, if tenants could scrape together the funds, and if they can get over the suspense of living suspended, maybe it`s not just a tall tale. Just as long as no one steps outside for a walk, unless his name is Luke.

I`m Carl Azuz and that`s "10 Out of 10".

CNN 10 - March 30 2017

CARL AZUZ, CNN 10 ANCHOR: Welcome to CNN 10 on this Thursday, March 30th. I`m Carl Azuz, reporting from CNN Center, and we`re happy to have you watching as the week rolls on.

We`re starting with a couple of reports concerning U.S. troops in the Middle East. First, more are serving there. There`s been a battle going on for the Iraqi city of Mosul since last October. It`s the last stronghold of the ISIS terrorist group in Iraq. American troops have been supporting Iraqi forces as they try to push ISIS out.

Soldiers with U.S. Army`s 82nd Airborne Division are deploying to give more help to the Iraqis. A U.S. defense official says the number of American troops going is in the low hundreds. 

"The Military Times" reports that there are more than 6,000 U.S. troops now serving in Iraq and though they`re officially there to advise and assist Iraqi forces, some of the Americans are believed to be close to the fighting if not directly in it.

Another way the U.S. is supporting Iraq in the battle is through airpower. And on March 17th, at least 112 civilians were apparently killed by an airstrike. The U.S. military is currently investigating whether it was a U.S. plane that launched the strike in Western Mosul. It`s a densely 

populated part of the city and an Army lieutenant general says ISIS was fighting from the position, but that what`s not clear is they picked a place where there were civilians to lure the U.S., or if ISIS was using civilians as human shields. He says the enemy had a hand in the deaths, and that the U.S. military might have, too.

LT. GEN. STEPHEN TOWNSEND, TOP U.S. COMMANDER ON MOSUL STRIKE: If we didn`t strike in that area, I`d be telling you right now, it`s unlikely. 

But because we struck in that area, I think there`s a fair chance that we did it. My initial assessment is that we probably had a role in these casualties. Now, here`s what I don`t know -- what I don`t know is: were they gathered there by the enemy? 

(END AUDIO CLIP)

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

ARWA DAMON, CNN SENIOR INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENT: The destruction here in western Mosul appears to be significantly more vast and widespread than it was in the eastern side. And you also see that there are a lot of these really narrow alleyways that winded deeper into the neighborhoods. This is one of the main challenges that the security forces are facing. 

You barely see any civilians but you do see the traces of the life that was, of how bustling these particular areas would have normally been. And part of the challenge when it is civilian population is that even though the Iraqi government did, yes, encourage people to stay put in their homes, if they wanted to leave, they wouldn`t have been able to, because ISIS would not allow them to leave these neighborhoods. ISIS was holding everyone that live across this entire city as human shields. 

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions says that if an American city or state is hoping to get money or grants from the federal government, it has to comply with federal immigration law. This is part of the Trump administration effort to increase pressure on America`s "sanctuary cities", cities that shelter people who were in the U.S. illegally.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

NICK VALENCIA, CNN CORRESPONDEN: The one thing that you need to know about sanctuary cities is that they`re not necessarily illegal designation or even a legislative one. They`re given that label because of the perception that they are not enforcing federal immigration law. There are more than 200 cities or jurisdictions in the United States that are labeled sanctuary cities. They`re called sanctuary cities because the mayors of these cities or leaders of these jurisdictions do not require local law enforcement to ask a person`s immigration status when they`re detained or they`re arrested.

SUBTITLE: In 2015, more than 200 state and local jurisdictions did not honor requests from Immigration and Customs Enforcement to detain individuals.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: The policy that requires states to show they`re complying with federal law in order to receive federal funding was put in place by the Obama administration last summer. The Trump administration says that if a city is not enforcing U.S. immigration laws and cooperating with the federal government on the issue, it`s making the nation less safe. And state officials who support the federal policy say enforcing it will help the address the problem of illegal immigration. 

Mayors of these sanctuary cities say their areas are safe because they allow undocumented immigrants to go to school, get medical care and report crimes without the fear of being deported. They say the cities will be less safe if the government takes away federal funding for their police departments. 

The Trump administration hasn`t named the cities it will go after for defying the policy and it hasn`t said what funds it would withhold or try to get back if sanctuary cities don`t cooperate.

(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ (voice-over): Ten-second trivia:

The pinna, the malleus, and the stapes are all parts of what?

An ear, a ship, a drum, or a knee?

If you`re a mammal and you are, you have all of these as parts of your ear.

(END VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ: With these ears of ours, we`ve heard Beethoven, Chopin, Debussy. Many of us haven`t heard of Rob Harris. And yet, for 35 years, he`s been trying to create the perfect place for us to hear those composers, a concert hall with perfect sound.

Listen carefully. Lend us your ears to what happens when a masters degree in sound and vibration meets a bachelors in physics.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

ROB HARRIS, ACOUSTIC DESIGNER: This is one of the best concert halls in London, but it`s partly because there are quite a few halls which look beautiful but they sound a little disappointing.

The Albert Hall was built as a spectacle house, not really as a concert hall, so there are just too many people in the Albert Hall; people are too far away and it`s just not loud enough. 

The Coliseum is an example of a hall which isn`t perfect acoustically but it`s such a beautiful room that it`s all part of the experience.

The Barbican is actually a very wide hall but not very deep. And what we know and what we can see in this hall around is want halls that are actually quite narrow and deeper.

SUBTITLE: Rob has spent over three decades designing concert halls in 12 different countries.

He is considered to have some of the best ears in the world.

HARRIS: This hall follows a very successful precedent, it`s a bit like a double cube -- one cube in front of the other, because what we`ve discovered is that as well as the direct sounds coming from me to you, the sound bounces off the floor, the walls and the ceiling, and for music, it`s really important we get these reflections into the ears quite soon, from the sides. And this rectangular form was very good for providing those reflections towards the ears of the audience. 

SUBTITLE: Auralization allows designers to hear a hall before it`s built.

HARRIS: This new technique of Auralization, which is as bit like acoustic equipment to visualize action means that people could hear what a hall is going to sound like before it`s actually built.

There`s a huge amount of science to define it, but it is a real step forward in communicating, if you like, the language of the acoustic design. 

Rather than having to say, oh, well, the EDT Time at 500 hertz, optic band is 1.42 seconds, you know, you can say listen to this.

(MUSIC)

HARRIS: The key reason for people to gather at a concert hall is to enjoy music in a very special way. So, it`s absolute fundamental to the experience that there`s one for acoustic for them to enjoy the music, and also importantly, the great acoustic for the musicians to performing because if I think they`re performing in a great sound, then they , of course, enjoy it and perform better. 

(APPLAUSE)

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: A news reporter recently wanted to bring his audience some clips of the Elite Eight of March Madness. But the NCAA wouldn`t give his station permission to use video highlights. So, Eric Alvarez made his own, with stuff he says he found at his desk. I love how it says "dramatization" at the bottom, just so you know.

Maybe these weren`t all the exact mascots of the teams themselves, but they helped tell the story with clarity, conciseness and, of course, creativity. 

Who says news reporting isn`t the same as reenacting? Maybe he`s a bit of a ham, but he never broke character or characters in telling the toy story. 

There`s no denying they got the points across and all in all, you got to him props!

I`m Carl Azuz for CNN 10. Thanks for watching.